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Vitamin C supplementation has shown limited benefits in patients with solid tumours. Two studies report that vitamin C supplementation can reduceTet-dependent leukaemia progression in mice, supporting the concept of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in certain patients with haematological malignancies.
Although speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is the most frequently mutated gene in primary prostate cancer, its therapeutic implications are incompletely understood. Now, three studies describe mechanisms of resistance to bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors in SPOP-mutated prostate cancer.
Both obesity and systemic inflammation promote cancer progression, although how obesity-associated inflammation affects cancer metastasis is poorly understood. Quailet al. now show that obesity induces cytokines that stimulate lung neutrophilia in mice, thereby promoting breast cancer metastasis.
Reporting inNature, the team led by Haining has identified that deletion of Ptpn2, among other genes, in tumour cells makes them more susceptible to PD1 inhibitors.
Since mesenchymal-like properties in cancer cells are often associated with therapy resistance, Viswanathanet al. explored vulnerabilities of these cells. They identified an enzyme of the lipid peroxidase pathway, inhibition of which caused ferroptosis in a range of cancer types.
A new study has looked at the evolutionary origins of lymphatic and distant metastases in human colorectal cancer and found that, in most cases, cancer spread to lymph nodes is not a precursor for seeding of cancer cells to other organs.
Shafferet al. analysed resistance in melanoma at the single-cell level and found that non-genetic, transcriptional variability in rare cells can predict the eventual emergence of drug resistance.
Van Groningenet al. unravel the epigenetic nature of intratumoural heterogeneity in neuroblastoma, which comprises both lineage-committed adrenergic cells and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that are defined by unique super-enhancer transcriptional networks and gene expression signatures.
Neutrophils carrying liposomes that contain the antimitotic drug paclitaxel can penetrate the brain and suppress the recurrence of glioma in mice, thereby significantly improving survival.
Two groups have shown that personalized, neoantigen-based tumour vaccines elicit effective T cell responses in patients with advanced melanoma, leading to favourable clinical outcomes. Combination with checkpoint blockade can be of additional benefit.
A new study demonstrates that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors induce widespread cryptic transcription from transposable elements that may contribute to cancer immunogenicity.
Nolanet al. show that triple-negative breast cancers with BRCA1mutations are immunogenic and susceptible to treatment with a combination of two checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy.
Kamerkaret al. have engineered exosomes that target KRASG12D(iExosomes) and have demonstrated the specificity and efficacy of iExosomes in targeting oncogenic KRAS in mouse models of pancreatic cancer.
