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The spin–orbit interaction can generate torques that act on the magnetization of a ferromagnet. Here we examine recent experimental insights into spin–orbit torques, which have generated competing explanations and differing opinions over their potential application in memory devices.
The confluence of nanotechnology and biotechnology provides significant commercial opportunities. By identifying, classifying and tracking firms with capabilities in both biotechnology and nanotechnology over time, we analyse the emergence and evolution of the global nanobiotechnology industry.