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Although essential to restrict systemic replication, the small interfering RNA pathway fails to efficiently silence dengue virus in the midgut of Aedes aegypti in the absence of ectopic expression of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein Loqs2.
A combination of proteomics, metagenome-assembled genomes and heterologous gene expression experiments reveals a trophic system for carbon utilization in the moose rumen microbiome and provides insights into phage dynamics in this ecosystem.
In a rodent malaria model, antibodies against the CSP protein that coats sporozoites lead to Plasmodium yoelii killing in the skin in a process that involves stripping off the CSP coat, rendering parasites susceptible to pore-forming-like proteins.
Here the authors characterize two polysaccharide utilization loci and provide a model for arabinogalactan degradation by Bacteroides species in the gut microbiome, and show that the cellular location of specific enzymes determines keystone activity.
A combination of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and targeted mutagenesis studies elucidates the structure and organization of the core complex of the type IV secretion system used by Xanthomonas citri to kill competing bacteria.
Here the authors show that the human gut microbiome can recover after a clinically relevant, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and characterization of the resistome indicates that antibiotic resistance genes can impact the recovery process.
The effects of multidrug antimicrobial combinations follow a null model in which inhibitory effects are additive and where drug dosage is orthogonal, leading to a square-root scaling of potency with the number of drugs.
The phage phi3T peptide SAIRGA directs the lysis–lysogeny decision by modulating conformational changes in phAimR, whereas the SPbeta peptide GMPRGA regulates the lysis–lysogeny pathway by stabilizing spAimR in the dimeric state.
The cryo-EM structure of the TssKFGE baseplate wedge complex of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli helps to elucidate the molecular architecture of the whole T6SS baseplate, and its assembly and mode of action.
Single-cell genome sequencing of eight uncultured fungal species provides insights into the phylogenetic placement of early-diverging lineages, highlights metabolic deficiencies and identifies gene expansions correlated with parasitism and unculturability.
The human silencing hub (HUSH) complex represses primate immunodeficiency virus transcription and can be counteracted through degradation mediated by viral Vpx or Vpr proteins.
Bacillus subtilis mutants lacking either of the biofilm extracellular matrix components, exopolysaccharide or the fibre protein TasA, can evolve compensatory mutations that act on the residual matrix component to restore biofilm formation.
The crystal structure of the PapC usher, together with the PapDG chaperone–subunit complex, helps to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which individual pilus subunits are assembled into larger P pili.
The adaptation of APEX2-dependent proximity biotinylation for use in bacteria enables the identification of binding partners of TssA, which controls T6SS sheath assembly. This approach identifies TagA as a TssA partner that stops sheath polymerization and clamps the extended sheath to the membrane.
During hypoxic growth in the gut, the levels of nitrate and nitrite affect V. cholerae in a pH-dependent manner. At high pH, the bacteria can reduce nitrate for growth, whereas at low pH, nitrite accumulates, limits proliferation and promotes cell viability.
Using millimetre-scale replicate granules from an enhanced biological phosphorus removal reactor, the authors observe strain-level variability providing insights into the intrinsic drivers of microbial assembly at relevant spatial scales.
The secretion of Salmonella Typhi typhoid toxin requires translocation across the peptidoglycan layer through the action of a ld-transpeptidase. Subsequent outer membrane perturbation fully releases toxin for host cell intoxication.
A prevalent rifampicin resistance mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis alters bacterial virulence lipid expression and enables bypasses of a host immune axis that is critical for the control of drug-susceptible infections.
Aberrant mini viral RNAs, which are produced by erroneous RNA polymerase activity during the replication of the viral RNA genome, act as the main agonists of RIG-I during influenza virus infection.
Crystal structures of the AimR from SPβ phage in the apo form and the arbitrium peptide-bound form provide a structural basis for peptide recognition in the phage lysis–lysogeny decision communication system.