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In rodent models, only a minority of infecting Plasmodium parasites, expressing one of several clusters of virulence-associated pir genes, establishes a chronic infection in a manner that is independent of adaptive immunity.
Examination of the structural basis for cross-reactive antibody binding to RSV and HMPV F protein by two related, independently isolated antibodies indicates that both antibodies interact with a conserved surface that could guide the emergence of cross-reactivity.
Isolation and characterization of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the respiratory syncytial virus fusion (F) protein in the pre-fusion conformation, targeting a new antigenic site on the globular head domain of the F protein.
A survey of sediments from 18 estuaries over 4000 km of coastal China reveals diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Analyses of socio-economic factors suggest that the presence of antibiotic resistance genes correlates with human activity.
Mesalamine, the gold-standard ulcerative colitis treatment, rapidly decreases polyphosphate levels in bacterial members of the gut microbiome, sensitizing them towards oxidative stress and reducing colonization and persister cell and biofilm formation.
Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus strains show heightened wall teichoic acid production, which correlates with virulence and abscess formation.
Myeloperoxidase conversion of H2O2 to less-diffusible HOCl limits bystander host damage without comprising antibacterial activity during Salmonella infection.
RodA is a peptidoglycan polymerase found in Bacillus subtilis. A bacterial extract may be able to target the peptidoglycan polymerase pathway and serve as an antibiotic.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EspL is a cysteine protease that cleaves RHIM-containing proteins and blocks inflammasome signalling during infection.
Characterization of ten temperate mycobacteriophages reveals at least five distinct prophage-expressed viral defence systems that interfere with infection by either closely related or unrelated lytic and temperate phages.