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Trypanosoma brucei, which is responsible for human sleeping sickness, has an intrinsic circadian clock that regulates metabolism and influences drug sensitivity.
ZIKV-specific and ZIKV/DENV cross-reactive human HLA epitopes are identified in naïve and DENV-immune mice, revealing altered immunodominance in the DENV-immune setting and a protective role for epitope-specific CD8+ T cells against ZIKV.
Cryo-EM reveals one mechanism of action of the antimalarial mefloquine: mefloquine binds to the Plasmodium falciparum 80S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis in the parasite.
The Plasmodium falciparum telomere repeat-binding zinc finger protein (PfTRZ) binds telomeres, subtelomeric var genes and 5S ribosomal DNA genes. PfTRZ regulates multiple processes in the parasite, including telomere length homeostasis and cell cycle progression.
Rice dwarf virus capsid protein binds to the outer membrane protein of the obligate symbiont bacterium Sulcia, allowing the virus to hijack the oocyte entry path in rice leafhopper vectors for transovarial transmission.
A screen for outer-membrane permeating compounds finds that the clinically approved antiprotozoal drug pentamidine sensitizes drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens to new antibiotic classes.
Bioinformatics analysis identifies 900 encapsulin nanocompartments in prokaryotes that are associated with cargo proteins carrying out diverse functions.
A transcriptional analysis of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii identifies Spt4/5 as a general elongation factor in Archaea with two modes of recruitment to the RNA polymerase.
Cytoplasmic incompatibility during insect reproduction is induced by the Wolbachia deubiquitylating enzyme CidB, which is encoded in a two-gene operon with its binding partner CidA.
The gut membrane-associated protein Mesh controls proliferation of gut bacteria by regulating dual-oxidase expression through an arrestin-mediated MAPK JNK/ERK phosphorylation cascade in Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster.
This study identifies regulators of the RNA sensor RIG-I. Diverse processes, including the unfolded protein response, Wnt signalling and RNA metabolism, modulate this pathway. The splicing regulator KHSRP is identified as a negative regulator of RIG-I that affects influenza replication in vivo.
Plasmodium falciparum kinase PfCRK4 is a key regulator of DNA replication in schizonts, required both during the intraerythrocytic blood stage of malaria infection and for transmission.
The long-term dynamic behaviour of the gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease demonstrates increased deviation from the ‘healthy plane’ when compared to the normal variation observed in healthy individuals.
Marine heterotrophic bacteria produce the signalling molecule dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) via the methyltransferase gene dsyB, implicating bacteria as contributors to the oceanic DMSP pool, in addition to macroalgae and phytoplankton.
Screening Cas9 orthologues to improve CRISPR interference in mycobacteria identified four that are broadly functional for targeted gene knockdown, one of which (dCas9Sth1) achieves a 20–100-fold knockdown of endogenous gene expression with minimal proteotoxicity.