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Different nutrient limitations slow down Escherichia coli translation via distinct mechanisms: P limitation leads to fewer ribosomes; N limitation reduces translation elongation via ribosome stalling; and C limitation is characterized by inactive ribosomes not bound to mRNA.
Quantitative metagenomics reveals an altered bacteriophage community in a mouse model of colitis, which overlaps with that observed in humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), providing a tool for interrogating phage dynamics in IBD.
MCR-1-positive Escherichia coli carriage in humans across China is associated with anthropogenic factors, including meat consumption and aquatic food production.
The type VI secretion system of Serratia marcescens can deliver effector proteins that target fungi, including pathogenic Candida species, via disruption of nutrient uptake and metabolism or loss of plasma membrane potential.
Natural product biosynthesis gene clusters were identified in bacterial isolates from the Arabidopsis phyllosphere, including inhibitory products with antibiotic activity, demonstrating the potential of the phyllosphere as a resource for antibiotics.
The recovery of viral populations from peatland soils across a permafrost thaw gradient provides insights into soil viral diversity, their hosts and the potential impacts on carbon cycling in this environment.
A combination of genetics, microscopy and modelling identifies FrzX as a target of the Frz kinase that controls cell polarity in Myxococcus xanthus by serving as a gate that regulates the MglA–MglB–RomR relaxation oscillator.
Trypanosoma brucei parasites switch their variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coats to escape immune recognition. The crystal structure of VSG3 reveals that additional modifications, such as O-glycosylation, further expand antigenic variation and potentiate immune evasion.
Here the authors use photo-bioreactors to analyse the response of Micromonas to phosphate limitation and find that an ancient light-harvesting protein is induced together with other uncharacterized proteins to limit light stress and sustain growth.
The parasite Cryptosporidium can infect human organoids, where it replicates and completes its complex lifecycle. This new in vitro system enables the study of parasite development within the host and associated immune responses.
Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures.
Live-cell imaging reveals that type IV competence pili from naturally competent Vibrio cholerae are dynamic structures that bind to exogenous DNA via their tips. Pilus retraction pulls DNA to the cell surface and across the outer membrane to initiate DNA uptake.
Recovery of population genomes from surface ocean samples identified non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs that were widespread and abundant, including Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes, indicating their importance for nitrogen fixation in this environment.
Viral protein X from HIV-2/SIV targets the HUSH (TASOR, MPP8 and periphilin) complex for proteasomal degradation through recruitment of the DCAF1 ubiquitin ligase adaptor, enabling reactivation of latent proviruses.
A calcium–calmodulin signalling pathway is identified as a master regulator of light chain 3 (LC3)-associated phagocytosis. Aspergillus melanin sequesters Ca2+ inside the phagosome, inhibiting this pathway, which is important in human aspergillosis.
Here the authors present a tool that enables a flexible set of existing binning algorithms to be combined, resulting in improved binning accuracy and the recovery of more near-complete genomes from metagenomes compared to standalone methods.
Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli have a high frequency of collateral sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides, which may arise from changes in lipopolysaccharide regulation.