Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
This work reports an analysis of primary and secondary immune responses in ten women infected with ZIKV for 224 days following an acute symptomatic Zika virus infection. CD4+ T-cell responses broadly targeted the whole Zika genome, whereas CD8+ T cells were strongly biased towards non-structural proteins.
The gut microbiota enhances murine norovirus infection in distal regions of the gut, but inhibits viral infection in the proximal small intestine via altered bile acid metabolism and consequent type III interferon production.
The in vivo structure of a T2SS from Legionella pneumophila elucidates the structure and function of the different components of this macromolecular complex that exports a wide range of virulence factors.
Hergenrother and colleagues develop a web portal to help predict key permeation aspects of query compounds using the eNTRy rules they recently developed. They use this approach to screen antibiotics that are effective against Gram-positive bacteria and engineer a modified version of a FabI inhibitor that is an effective Gram-negative antibiotic.
The cryo-electron microscopy structures of the cell-binding component of the Clostridioides difficile transferase toxin in different oligomeric states reveal the conformational changes undergone by the toxin while inserting into target membranes to form a pore.
Here, the authors use metabolomics and sequencing to assess changes in chemicals and microbial communities, including fungi and microeukaryotes, across an urbanization gradient in South America.
A consortium of four human gut microbiota species, including Eggerthella lenta, can convert plant-derived lignans into bioactive enterolignans via a five-step pathway, providing mechanistic insight into the production of these protective metabolites.
A modified mouse model that mimics human serum levels of biotin shows that inhibition of biotin synthesis can effectively treat infections caused by diverse antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Single-cell imaging analysis shows that translation-inhibiting antibiotics disrupt Vibrio cholerae biofilm structure and enable entry of bacteriophages and intruder cells.
This study answers the long-standing question of why the interaction between cyclophilin A (CypA) and HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein stimulates HIV-1 infectivity in human cells. Disruption of the CA−CypA interaction renders HIV-1 susceptible to potent restriction by human TRIM5α in primary blood cells, which occurs before reverse transcription.
The structure of a transferrin receptor from the parasite Trypanosoma brucei in complex with human transferrin helps to understand how the parasite can use surface exposed receptors to acquire nutrients during infection while avoiding host immune detection.
The host protein Transportin-1 is a co-factor of HIV-1 infection, binding to the viral capsid to regulate the release of the viral genome and promoting its nuclear import.
A type I interferon response mediated by IL-1Ra drives susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and neutralization of IL-1Ra provides therapeutic benefit.
Host mucin glycans downregulate virulence processes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and can be used therapeutically to attenuate infection in vivo in a burn wound model.
Short-term exposure to a high-fat diet reduces colonization resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice and is associated with increase bile salts and plasmid transfer; however, E. coli can provide a protective effect under these conditions.
Using a multi-omics and modelling approach, the authors characterize the metabolic interactions in a phototrophic community consisting of an alga and a fungus and identify the factors driving collaboration and competition.
Cooked and raw plant diets cause different changes in gut microbiome composition and function, including mechanisms of starch digestibility and xenobiotic availability, and consequently impact host energy status.
The recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes from the coral Porites lutea, its dinoflagellate symbiont, and its bacterial and archaeal populations, enabled comparative genomic identification of functions important for host–microbe interactions and nutritional associations.
The sialic acid, Neu5Gc, is present in red meat and can be incorporated into host cell surface glycans triggering an inflammatory response. Here, a Neu5Gc-containing diet alters the murine gut microbiota, and bacterial sialidases specific for Neu5Gc were identified in human and mouse gut metagenomes, with purified sialidases able to cleave Neu5Gc from red meat.
The combination of single-molecule quantification of mRNA and gene loci in single Escherichiacoli cells with mathematical models of mRNA dynamics reveals additional factors governing transcription, including contributions from the transcriptional state of another copy of the same gene present in the cell and from gene-replication events.