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The authors uncover a role for the proteostasis modulator AIRAPL as a tumor suppressor in myeloproliferative malignancies, through its regulation of IGFR stability. The results ascribe a biological function to AIRAPL, and they implicate prosteostatic deregulation as an oncogenic mechanism in myeloid transformation, thus suggesting potential novel therapeutic strategies.
The authors develop a new method to mine genomic cancer data to uncover complex indels. These simultaneous deletions and insertions have been over-looked by previous sequencing data analysis methods, and the Pindel-C algorithm uncovers new information about their potential contribution to tumorigenesis.
A small-molecule inducer of apoptosis is able to kill senescent cells in the bone marrow of irradiated or aged mice, thereby improving hematopoietic stem cell function.
The details of the GIP signaling pathway are murky, but new data identify a downstream pathway involving Tcf7 that regulates beta cell survival and activity.
Mutations in VPS35 that are associated with Parkinson's disease increase the interaction of VPS35 with mitochondrial DLP1, leading to removal of the DLP1 complexes and mitochondrial fragmentation. Structural and functional mitochondrial impairments caused by mutant VPS35 are observed in vitro using cultured neurons and fibroblasts from individuals with PD and in vivo in mouse substantia nigra neurons, where they induce neurodegeneration.
The authors analyze the extent of intratumor heterogeneity across 12 tumor types to reveal that increased heterogeneity is a general phenomenon and has a biphasic contribution to tumor progression.
Treatment with the common diuretic bumetanide during a susceptible developmental window prevents epileptogenesis in a mouse model of a genetic epileptic encephalopathy.
The authors uncover a therapeutic vulnerability to PARP inhibition of acute myeloid leukemias driven by certain oncogenic fusions, and they unravel the mechanisms by which these cancers rely on DNA damage and repair pathways for growth.
An inhibitor of Aurora kinase promotes megakaryocytic differentiation of cells from patients with primary myelofibrosis and shows antifibrotic effects in mouse models of this disease.
Ralph Baric, Vineet Menachery and colleagues characterize a SARS-like coronavirus circulating in Chinese horseshoe bats to determine its potential to infect primary human airway epithelial cells, cause disease in mice and respond to available therapeutics.
The authors identify EZH2 as a general underlying dependency of tumors with mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin regulator complex, and they show that EZH2's pro-tumorigenic role may be dependent on non-catalytic activities. This may pose new opportunities and challenges for using EZH2 as a cancer therapy target.
Understanding tumor metastasis is crucial to developing more effective cancer therapies. Here McCreery et al. analyzed the mutational profile of metastases from chemically induced skin tumors in mice and found that parallel evolution of synchronously disseminated tumor cells underlies most metastasis.
Kenzo Tokunaga and colleagues report that MARCH8 inhibits the incorporation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein into virus particles, thereby reducing viral infectivity.
Michael Diamond and colleagues report that TAM receptor deficiency exacerbated West Nile Virus infection in mice and increased the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.