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In a mouse model of spinal cord injury, reactive astrogliosis is found to be context dependent and reversible. Blockade of type I collagen–reactive astrocyte interactions prevents astrocyte scar formation and facilitates functional recovery after injury.
Composition of gut bacteria and serum metabolites in young, obese individuals is partially restored following weight loss surgery, including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which decreases serum glutamate levels and fat mass gain in mice.
A protocol based on chemical modulation of WNT activity is used to efficiently generate colonic organoids that recapitulate the molecular features of human colon tissue. Colonic organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis provide an in vitro platform for disease modeling and preclinical drug testing.
Current mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are limited, making identification and preclinical testing of new treatments challenging. Housing mice at thermoneutrality leads to less stress, a stronger immune response and better modeling of this condition.
By surgically directing the vascular delivery of decellularization reagents, the in situ decellularization of desired organs or tissues in mice can be achieved, enabling detailed imaging and characterization of the intact extracellular matrix, including in the cancer metastatic niche.
Bispecific antibodies that connect T cells with tumor cells can be delivered in the form of in vitro–transcribed pharmacologically optimized mRNA; when injected into mice, these mRNA-encoded antibodies reject large established tumors as efficiently as the corresponding recombinant antibody protein.
During cold stimulation, cholesterol is converted to bile acids in an alternative pathway. The bile acids then alter the microbiota, which in turn promotes more heat generation.
Through combined deletion of Vhl, Trp53 and Rb1 in renal epithelial cells, the authors develop a new mouse model of renal cell carcinoma that recapitulates the cellular and molecular features of a large proportion of human tumors. This model uncovers a role for primary-cilium-related genes in the development of the disease and provides a reliable platform for preclinical therapeutic studies.
Applying a new, more sensitive single-cell transcriptomics method to diagnosis, remission and progression samples from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia reveals insight into the heterogeneity of cells that resist treatment with targeted therapy, as well as into the dynamics of disease progression and its effects on nontransformed hematopoietic stem cells.
In a rodent model of viral infection, immune activation causes impairments in motor-learning-dependent cortical synaptic remodeling that are mediated by peripheral monocytes rather than by CNS-resident microglia.
In mice aged 12–18 months, chronic administration of low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) improves performance in behavioral learning and memory tasks, whereas a similar administration in younger mice (aged 2 months) impairs performance.
In mice, sleep loss increases sensitivity to painful stimuli. Restoration of normal sleep or acute treatment with wake-promoting agents can normalize pain sensitivities.
MSK-IMPACT is a clinical sequencing platform able to detect genomic mutations, copy number alterations and structural variants in a panel of cancer-related genes. This assay is implemented prospectively to inform patient enrollment in genomically matched clinical trials at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Sequencing results of tumor and matched normal tissue from a cohort of >10,000 patients with detailed clinical annotation provide an overview of the genomic landscape of advanced solid cancers and bring new insights into molecularly guided cancer therapy.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is a key mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Targeting TLR4 degradation via the lysosome pathway improves outcome in mouse and monkey models of this condition.
Using intracranial electrode recordings in two individuals with Alzheimer's disease, Lam et al. discover hippocampal seizure activity that could not be detected by traditional EEG monitoring.
In rat models of spinal cord injury, the region of the spinal cord below the site of injury becomes hypoxic owing to inadequate blood flow. This effect on blood flow is due to increased production of neurotransmitters known as ‘trace amines,’ which act on pericytes to constrict blood vessels. Alleviation of hypoxia by hyperoxic breathing or inhibition of trace amine synthesis or action improves locomotor function in the injured rats.
Targeting NETosis alleviates type-2 immunopathology induced by rhinovirus infection in a mouse model of airway hypersensitivity, and correlative data suggest that a similar mechanism may operate in human rhinovirus-exacerbated asthma.