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The resolution of inflammation is a protective response. The identification and characterization of new players that boost this response might inform the development of novel therapies for non-resolving inflammatory diseases.
While important evidence for the role of myeloid cells in myocardial infarction has accumulated in recent years, single-cell transcriptomics fully delineates the functional heterogeneity of the myeloid cell compartment.
The mechanism of action of the lymphocyte checkpoint protein LAG-3 was always rather mysterious. It now seems to operate at least in part by recognizing and suppressing responses to stable complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex class II.
Transcription factors orchestrate stage-specific gene expression during development. Two such factors, TCF-1 and HEB, collaborate at the protein and genomic levels to regulate gene expression in developing thymocytes.
A new model proposes that an applied force allows the co-receptor CD8 and the kinase Lck to selectively stabilize TCR interactions with negatively selecting ligands, but not those with positively selecting ligands, during the negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes.
Acidic microenvironments induced by highly glycolytic tumor cells promote the noninflammatory polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, which leads to immunoevasion.
The ‘Strategies for an HIV Cure’ conference was held 27–28 April 2018 in Beijing, China, and was hosted by The People's Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
O’Garra and colleagues describe the immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed through the use of transcriptomics and the value of blood transcriptional gene signatures for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Malaria remains a disease of global importance, and a fully protective vaccine is elusive. In this Focus Review, Cockburn and Seder describe how insights into the biology of malaria biology may lead to the design of an effective vaccine.
Screaton and colleagues discuss the role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses in protection and pathogenesis, with emphasis on cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses.
Sok and Burton highlight recent developments in the discovery and application of antibodies able to neutralize diverse isolates of HIV, known as ‘broadly neutralizing antibodies’.
Saphire and colleagues provide new insight into protective antibody-mediated responses to Ebola virus and how these responses could be harnessed for therapeutic intervention and vaccine strategies.
Deposition of fibrin in the brain and central nervous system occurs after injury or disease. This process unmasks a conserved cryptic epitope of fibrin that activates microglia; blocking this interaction can limit inflammation and neurotoxicity.
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that controls the abundance of γc cytokine receptor on mature T cells by a post-transcriptional mechanism.
An antibody to dengue virus that lies flat on its target, neutralizes the virus and also prevents antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is now identified.
Song and Colonna provide an overview of the common microglial response to neurodegeneration and discuss insights from mouse models and the study of human disease-associated genes.
Studies of mice demonstrate a link between the female hormone estrogen and protection against bacteremia and sepsis through the induction of natural antibodies to Eshcerichia coli.
