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Evolution of viviparity supports expansion into cold habitats. Here, the authors examine viviparity with patterns and rates of body size evolution in female Liolaemus lizards, finding that viviparous species are 20% larger with similar rates of evolution.
Here the authors provide the biospecimen collection methodology from the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission, including venous blood, capillary blood, saliva, urine, stool, skin biopsy, body swab, and environmental swab samples.
Siew et al. using multi-omic, physiological & imaging approaches have demonstrated that spaceflight causes kidney remodelling, suggesting a contribution to kidney stone formation, & that space radiation causes kidney damage & early signs of dysfunction.
Here the authors explore the role of chemical modifications within RNA molecules in spaceflight response, observing increased m6A mRNA modifications immediately post-spaceflight in gene markers associated with stress response.
Here the authors profile skin microenvironment changes in response to spaceflight by performing a multi omics analysis using skin punch biopsies from the crew members of SpaceX Inspiration4 mission comparing before, post launch and one day after return 91 of the 3-day mission.
The authors present a diffractive optical processor that approximates optical phase conjugation operation without any digital computing. This compact and all-optical wavefront processor can be used for various applications, including turbidity suppression and aberration correction.
Acetylation of histone lysine residues correlates with transcription activation, but it is currently debated whether histone acetylation is a cause or a consequence of transcription. Here, the authors show how global protein acetylation remains unaltered after acute inhibition of transcription, indicating that histone acetylation is not merely a consequence of transcription.
The classification of magnets now includes altermagnets which possess opposite-spin sublattices connected by rotation and share some features with ferro- and antiferromagnets. Here the authors report the anomalous Hall effect in Mn5Si3 and interpret the results in terms of a d-wave altermagnetic phase.
RNF214 ubiquitin ligase is understudied. Here the authors show RNF214 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing non-proteolytic ubiquitylation of TEADs and activating YAP signaling pathway.
Here the authors find that mutations detected in iPSCs are de novo by analyzing 135 lines. More than 10,000 point mutations were observed in some lines and, intriguingly, CpG site-specific C>Ts were frequently identified, implying a relationship between DNA demethylation and mutagenesis.
Single-cell and spatial omics come with a trade-off between resolution and gene coverage. Here, authors bridge this gap via DOT, a multi-objective optimisation model for localising cell features in high/low-resolution spatial data considering cell composition, heterogeneity, and technical effects.
Inducible genetic mosaics can provide information about cellular lineages that are otherwise difficult to obtain. Here the authors report a mosaic knockout system called Red2Flpe-SCON, which allows lineage tracing of wild-type and mutant cells using a multicolour fluorescent reporter in mice.
Xiong et al. demonstrate the effects of non-covalent interactions between counterions and n-doped polymers on charge transport properties. They propose an approach, namely “counterion docking”, for selecting optimal counterions in doping of organic semiconductors.
Engineered sex ratio distorters have been proposed as a powerful component of genetic control strategies designed to suppress harmful insect pests. Here the authors show that sex ratio distorters behave in unexpected ways in malaria mosquitoes, offering new paths for genetic pest control by targeting sex ratios.
The b-value in earthquake size distribution shows spatiotemporal variations, being key to consider large-earthquake genesis. By high-precision focal mechanism data, we show a physical reason for the reduction in b-value before a major earthquake.
Azole antifungals are used to treat lung diseases caused by the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, but resistance is rising. Here, the authors generate a library of >100 protein kinase mutants of A. fumigatus, and show that loss of function or pharmacological inhibition of kinase YakA results in hypersensitivity to azoles and reduced pathogenicity.
The authors measure picosecond spin pumping in FeRh as a function of temperature by optical pump-THz emission spectroscopy. In the antiferromagnetic phase of FeRh enhanced spin pumping above the value measured in the ferromagnetic phase is observed.
Lack of stability in RuO2-based catalysts at industrial currents impedes their use in green hydrogen production. Here, the authors show that incorporating lanthanide elements into RuOx shields against external factors, enabling fine-tuned Ru-O covalency for durable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis.
Semiconductor qubit architectures based on direct qubit coupling suffer from wiring fan-out and crosstalk as they scale up. Here the authors propose an architecture based on conveyor-mode shuttling of electron spins that tackles these issues and validate it numerically on quantum dot spin qubits in Si/SiGe.
This study demonstrates the opacity resolution and visual function improvement following intrastromal injection of quiescent corneal stromal keratocytes but not stromal fibroblasts. The keratocyte therapy recapitulates native cornea’s collagen fibril organization and proteoglycans.