Research articles

Effective spatial allocation of the nature-based solutions is important for city mitigation through various pathways. This Analysis allocates prioritized urban nature-based solutions to major European cities and estimates their potential contribution to emission reductions, then the carbon neutrality targets.

Coal–biomass co-firing power plants with retrofitted carbon capture and storage are seen as a promising decarbonization solution for coal-dominant energy systems. Framework with spatially explicit biomass sources, plants and geological storage sites demonstrate its effectiveness in China.

Climate models show large differences in simulating Atlantic Ocean circulation and associated carbon uptake. Here the authors use sea surface salinity as an emergent constraint of these processes to show that Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures warm more slowly than expected.

Historical CO₂ emissions could lead to future climate damages and harm human inclusive wealth. This analysis proposes the concept of climate wealth borrowing and quantifies the country-specific present value of climate change impacts arising from energy and industrial CO₂ emissions of the period of 1950–2018.

Future Arctic methane emissions may be less dependent on soil hydrology. Here, this study indicates that if the high latitudes maintain wet conditions, the cooling effects could limit the increase in methane, resulting in emissions similar to a warmer dry scenario with a higher substrate availability.

International diffusion of carbon pricing policies can result in large global greenhouse gas emission reductions. Here, the authors quantify these benefits from diffusion that provide additional support for leadership in climate policy.

The authors simulated the impact of organic farming expansion on soil organic carbon. They found that soil organic carbon stock may be at risk of decline if the complete conversion to organic farming does not involve additional practices such as widespread cover cropping and residue recycling.

Bioenergy has been widely viewed as an alternative for fossil fuels and an option for carbon dioxide removal, but there are doubts given the induced land-use changes. This study shows the importance of uniform regulation and comprehensive coverage of carbon-rich areas in reducing total emissions.

Greenland is at the heart of climate research, yet the related perceptions of Greenland’s Indigenous population have long been overlooked. Findings based on two nationally representative surveys reveal a large gap between the scientific consensus and Kalaallit views.

Increasing individual awareness could help communities better prepare for climate change. Here a pilot study using participatory system mapping finds that the process increases awareness and preparedness for climate risk, and identifies considerations for promoting citizen-led adaptation.

Warming affects forest soil denitrification and nitrogen losses. The authors show that temperature enhances nitrous oxide and dinitrogen but varies by soil; temperature sensitivities are similar across soils but are higher for dinitrogen, suggesting complete denitrification in a warmer climate.

Genetic adaptation may be an important response to climate change, but limited examples of climate adaptation in wild populations exist. Comparing genetic data from historical bird specimens and contemporary individuals, the authors show shifts consistent with adaptation to climate change.

Dense-water formation around Antarctica could be reduced as climate change alters sea-ice formation and circulation patterns. This study shows there has been an over 40% reduction in dense-water formation in the Weddell Sea since 1992, which could affect global overturning circulation.

When the Arctic will be seasonally sea ice free is highly uncertain. Here, the authors use the Arctic’s response to atmospheric circulation to recalibrate models and show that sea-ice-free conditions are delayed by a decade compared to the original ensemble.

Climate change is a politically polarized subject, and changing peoples’ beliefs is challenging. This study shows that participation in a climate prediction market by betting on future climate outcomes may be an effective way to change both attitudes and behaviour around climate change.

Achieving global carbon neutrality will lead to a low-warming future and impact renewable energy production. This study demonstrates that deep mitigation pathways can bring positive feedback that enhances and stabilizes solar and wind energy production.

The drivers of uncertainties in hydrological sensitivity, the global-mean precipitation response to warming, are currently not well understood. Here the authors show that the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature warming explains much of this uncertainty and could allow to constrain projections.

In contrast to the overall recovery of stratospheric ozone, ozone depletion in the tropical lower stratosphere has been ongoing over recent years. Here the authors show that currently unregulated halogenated ozone-depleting very short-lived substances play a key role in this ongoing depletion.

Economists often dominate public climate policy discussions, such as those on the proper social discount rate and optimal climate pathways. This Article shows that philosophers, experts in underlying ethical matters, generally agree with economists but put more weight on various normative considerations.

Antarctic bottom water (AABW), a key component of ocean circulation, provides oxygen to the deep ocean. This work shows that AABW transport reduced over the past decades in the Australian Antarctic Basin, weakening the abyssal overturning circulation and decreasing deep ocean oxygen.