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Brassinosteroids trigger a receptor kinase-mediated signalling pathway to modulate plant development through the dephosphorylation of the BZR transcription factors, which are normally kept inactive by the kinase BIN2. The phosphatase PP2A is now found to be responsible for the dephosphorylation of BZR to trigger the signalling cascade.
REST transcription factor is a master regulator of neural stem and progenitor cells, which is subjected to ubiquitylation-mediated proteasomal degradation during differentiation. In progenitor cells, degradation is inhibited by the action of the deubiquitylase enzyme HAUSP to prevent untimely neuronal differentiation.
The cellular mechanisms that modulate morphogen gradient interpretation in tissue have been debated. In vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and automated image analysis show that modulation of endocytic trafficking affects FGF8 target-gene expression without an effect on the FGF8 gradient itself.
Mammalian nuclear bodies are involved in various aspects of nuclear function and contain RNAs. Tethering of specific RNA transcripts to a genomic location allows de novo assembly of the nuclear bodies that normally contain these transcripts.