Review Articles

Understanding the behaviour of the machines powered by artificial intelligence that increasingly mediate our social, cultural, economic and political interactions is essential to our ability to control the actions of these intelligent machines, reap their benefits and minimize their harms.

The history and advancements of gravitational-wave astronomy are reviewed and the future of the field is discussed.

This Review discusses particle injection pumps, which inject suspended and sinking particles to different ocean depths and may sequester as much carbon as the biological gravitational pump.

Combining mobile phone technologies with infectious disease diagnostics can increase patients’ access to testing and treatment and provide public health authorities with new ways to monitor and control outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Recent advances and future directions for the research of magnetic two-dimensional van der Waals materials are reviewed.

The current state of the search for dark-matter particles is reviewed, and a broader experimental and theoretical approach is proposed to solve the dark-matter problem.

By analysing particle production in high-energy nuclear collisions, the phase boundary of strongly interacting matter is located and the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics is elucidated, implying quark–hadron duality.

Longer human lives have led to a global burden of late-life disease, and so interventions, including changes to lifestyle and medical innovations, are needed to prevent disease and increase late-life health.

Subwavelength-grating metamaterial structures, their main operation principles and their implementation in integrated photonic devices are reviewed.

The rapid development of cell culture and animal models has facilitated a new understanding of ZIKV biology and made it possible to generate multiple ZIKV vaccine candidates, which are advancing through clinical trials.

The application and development of machine-learning methods used in experiments at the frontiers of particle physics (such as the Large Hadron Collider) are reviewed, including recent advances based on deep learning.

The immense biodiversity of tropical ecosystems is threatened by multiple interacting local and global stressors that can only be addressed by the concerted efforts of grassroots organizations, researchers, national governments and the international community.

Tropical forests currently make a neutral contribution to the global carbon cycle, but they are likely to become a carbon source in the near future.

Recent progress in machine learning in the chemical sciences and future directions in this field are discussed.

Our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon is reviewed and a unifying framework that identifies the key factors for this complexity is proposed.

High-resolution structural studies of GPCRs have led to insights into the role of allostery in GPCR-mediated signal transduction.

Because climate change is expected to intensify regional-scale droughts, it is important to identify the physiological thresholds that precipitate the mortality of trees and the mechanisms of recovery after drought.