Articles

Alfvén wave turbulence can power the atmospheres of solar-like stars. Here the authors estimate the effective outer scale of the turbulence at the base of corona. This scale is key in determining energy deposition and is found to be comparable to supergranulation scales.

The warm Earth-sized planet LHS 475 b is validated and characterized with two transits observed by the JWST. The absence of evident spectroscopic features excludes a substantial hydrogen envelope and indicates that LHS 475 b has either little or no atmosphere or an optically thick cloud deck at high altitudes.

The visible–near-infrared spectrum of the dark spot that appeared on Neptune in 2018 indicates the presence of material that makes the aerosol layer at 5 bar darker at visible wavelengths. Such material can come from deeper layers via upwelling or by sublimation of H₂S ice that reveals the darker condensation nuclei.

This Article explores the evolutionary paths of galaxies on the black-hole mass–stellar mass plane in the nearby Universe, linking the properties of star formation and black-hole accretion and providing critical constraints for active galactic nuclei feedback.

The intensity of radio emission from a pulsar is shown to relate to the quantity of particles discharging in the magnetosphere rather than to changes of the structure of the magnetic field in the magnetosphere itself.

WD 0032–317B is a 75–88-Jupiter mass companion orbiting a hot white dwarf with a period of 2.3 h. It has a day-side temperature of about 8,000 K and a day–night difference of ~6,000 K. WD 0032–317B is amenable to detailed characterization and can be used as a proxy for strongly irradiated ultra-hot giant planets.

Tides on the star MACHO 80.7443.1718 are so extreme that they crash and break every close passage in the pair of stars’ elliptical orbit. Models show how these breaking tidal waves create a rapidly rotating, shock-heated circumstellar atmosphere every periapse passage.

The Chinese Chang’e-6 mission plans to bring a sample from the lunar farside in 2024. Here the characterization and scientific potential of the three candidate landing sites are presented. They are located around the roughly 4-Gyr-old Apollo crater, located within the South Pole–Aitken basin.

Baryon acoustic oscillations from the early Universe are imprinted in the large-scale structure, providing a cosmic expansion ruler. A comparison of the shapes and positions of galaxies can yield an independent measure of these primordial oscillations.

Three-dimensional simulations of massive star convection show that core-convection-driven gravity wave oscillations at the surface of the star are not the source of ‘red noise’ seen in photometric observations. The search for the source continues.

The history of Venus has been substantially affected by the higher-velocity distribution of early impacts compared with Earth. The heating induced in the core by the impacts triggered long-term volcanism that can explain its young surface age.

In June 2022, the IXPE satellite observed a shock passing through the jet of active galaxy Markarian 421. The rotation of the X-ray-polarized radiation over a 5-day period revealed that the jet contains a helical magnetic field.

The application of physics-informed neural networks enables an estimation of the solar coronal magnetic field in quasi real time. A comparison with extreme-ultraviolet observations reveals that the model provides a realistic approximation and the modelled coronal field has a clear relationship with flaring activity.

The 21-cm absorption lines from atomic hydrogen, known as the 21-cm forest, are here proposed to probe simultaneously dark matter particle mass and cosmic heating history. With upcoming observational facilities, the statistical features of the 21-cm forest will constrain the nature of dark matter and the first galaxies at cosmic dawn.

A very cold and/or extremely reddened protoplanet in the disk around MWC 758 has been detected in images and with spectroscopy. MWC 758c is responsible for driving the disk’s spiral arm patterns. The protoplanet orbits at a projected separation of ~100 au and is one of the youngest giant planets known.

Trace gases CO and HCN are detected by ALMA in various locations of Jupiter’s disc. Contrary to CO, HCN is depleted in the auroral regions, indicative of the action of heterogeneous chemistry that bonds HCN to organic aerosol particles produced in the aurorae.

A Bayesian-based analysis of 190 cosmologically distant quasars, photometrically observed over two decades, has revealed the long-expected presence of cosmic time dilation owing to the expansion of space imprinted on their variability.

Early-time multi-frequency radio observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 221009A show the detailed evolution of a reverse shock formed within the jet that was launched as the result of a stellar explosion.

Using the POSYDON population synthesis code, this study predicts the existence of massive, thirty-solar-mass black-hole binaries in Milky-Way-like galaxies, challenging previous theories.

Gamma-ray burst 220101A reached an absolute magnitude of −39.4. Using a new method to analyse saturated Swift/UVOT data, Jin et al. uncover the shock activity that led to a bright optical–UV flare from this event.