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Carson et al. analyze survey data collected in early 2022 through YouGov internet panels in seven middle-income countries. In six out of seven countries other respiratory illness was perceived to be a more serious problem than COVID-19.
Zhou et al. analyze leisure time physical activity and self-reported mental health in people of different ages in China. Exercise is associated with better mental health, even if exercise is of moderate intensity.
Minor et al. present and evaluate a quantitative approach to measuring metabolic turnover of 13C-acetate during isolated perfusion to ascertain the quality of porcine donor kidneys. This approach effectively discriminates varying degrees of organ graft quality, where conventional renal function tests are ineffective.
Mellor et al. introduce a new method for forecasting hospital admissions with seasonal influenza in a resurgent season that can be used to inform policy makers. The developed generalized additive model shows improved performance over other time series approaches when scored using probabilistic methods.
Papanastasiou et al. develop a deep learning-based method to identify combined immunodeficiencies (CID) and common variable immunodeficiencies (CVID) from large-scale electronic health record data. Distinctive combinations of antecedent phenotypes associated with CID/CVID are identified that could improve early diagnosis.
Jakobsen et al. analyze data from a cohort of 88,818 individuals from Denmark with causal machine learning and identify age, sex, high BMI, and depression as key factors for long-term sick leave following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Yadav et al. utilize deep learning and transfer learning to identify subgroups of breast cancer patients with different prognoses based on single-cell imaging data. They identify atypical subpopulations of triple-negative patients with a moderate prognosis and luminal A patients with a poor prognosis.
Sahm et al. evaluate clinical, imaging, and molecular data from a small cohort of patients with concurrent multiple sclerosis (MS) and gliomas. They report differential methylation of some immune-related loci in tumors from patients with MS, and that inflammatory disease activity can increase in these patients after brain tumor radiotherapy.
Francis et al. perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate studies comparing perinatal outcomes among individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Their review and post hoc analysis find that maternal preconception weight and non-glucose-dependent biochemical markers could be a precision diagnostic approach to reducing variability in clinical outcomes following treatment.
Elsawy, Keenan, Chen et al. detect cataracts from color fundus photography using an explainable deep learning network called DeepOpacityNet. DeepOpacityNet detects cataracts more accurately than ophthalmologists and demonstrates that the absence of blood vessels is an indicator that cataracts are present.
Iturri, Bertho et al. analyze the effects of oxygen administration during anesthesia in conventional and FLASH proton therapy in a rat model. They demonstrate the detrimental effect of varying oxygen supply using histologic, cytometric and behavioral analysis, and highlighting the urgent need to optimize anesthesia protocols in pediatric oncology.
Picchio et al. report findings from a community-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening program for sub-Saharan African migrants in Catalonia, Spain, utilizing simplified testing and expedited referral to specialist care. Their findings support the adoption of these strategies to increase HBV testing and linkage to care among at-risk populations.
Li et al. use an analytic framework to identify care utilization patterns for 261 ocular diagnoses in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Findings reveal lasting utilization reductions for most conditions, particularly less severe ones, with notable outliers and variations across diagnosis categories and pandemic sub-periods.
Zahedivash et al. undertake a single center retrospective analysis of patients less than 18 years of age with history of an arrhythmia to determine whether a wearable device can capture arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are identified in 28% of patients, mainly the difficult to identify supraventricular tachycardias.
Brück observes a decrease in the gender gap in the authorship of leading medical journals between 2010 and 2019, with some country-specific variation. This study provides a model approach for tracking gender representation in academic research.
Brück examines geographical representation in the authorship of leading medical journal publications between 2010 and 2019. While still dominated by authors from English-speaking countries, there is increased representation of authors from other countries over this period.
Alkobtawi, Ngô et al. conduct transcriptome and phenotype analyses of umbilical cord blood cells from pregnant women upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the absence of vertical SARS-CoV-2 transmission, erythroid cell signatures along with hypoxia pathway activation are observed in symptomatic infected mothers compared with control cases.
Stähli, Becchetti, Korta Martiartu et al. present a first-in-human evaluation of computed ultrasound tomography in echo mode to quantify the speed of sound in the liver. Estimated values show an excellent discriminative ability in distinguishing normal versus steatotic livers, with potential value in the non-invasive diagnosis of liver steatosis.
Jarvi and Balu-Iyer evaluate an immunogenicity screening toolbox in which in vitro assays capture the migratory potential of dendritic cells. Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on dendritic cells and their migration toward chemokines CCL21 and CXCL12 in the presence of therapeutic protein correlates with their clinical immunogenicity.
Seirin-Lee et al. develop a mathematical model to analyze the shapes of skin eruptions and link these morphological features to in vivo pathological dynamics of chronic urticaria. The proposed multidisciplinary method combining mathematical modelling, in vitro experiments, and clinical data, could constitute an innovative approach to the clinical treatment of an intractable disease.