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Birol Ay et al. use high-resolution synchrotron radiation micro-CT to calculate the changes in the microstructure of femoral cortices in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. They show that hyperglycemia increases lacunar density due to a reduction in osteocytic territorial matrix volume but decreases total vascular canal volume due to a decrease in canal diameter.
Alfred et al. find that there is a common spatial representation for mental models created through transitive reasoning. This is shown by probing patterns of neural activity in research participants tasked with reasoning problems with different spatial content, from visuospatial to abstract.
Liu et al. develop a computational algorithm they name EVER, to predict drug-resistance mutations in advance of clinical usage. The authors show that EVER can correctly predict mutations that mediate resistance to BCR-ABL-targeting drugs in chronic myeloid leukemia and, through in vitro experiments, provide insights into the mechanism of resistance.
Gibbin et al. use [1–13C]-pyruvate and [2,3–13C]-pyruvate in different incubation conditions (light, light+DCMU, and dark) to discern and quantify coral host anabolism, with and without translocated metabolites from their photosynthesizing symbionts.
Ibrahim et al. show that the Arabidopsis and Phaeodactylum Chloroplast Sensor Kinase (CSK) and the cyanobacterial CSK homologue, Histidine kinase 2, are iron sulfur proteins. This study provides insights into how the CSK-based chloroplast two-component system perceives and propagates the plastoquinone redox signals.
Guillaume Normand et al. present a non-invasive fluorescence imaging technology that enables a longitudinal tracking of drugs delivered into the eyes. This method allows direct monitoring of any drugs delivered into the eyes, which could potentially inform clinicians of optimal dosing frequency for each patient.
Li et al. develop a cascaded deep learning system for automated retinal detachment and macular status detection based on ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images. With reliable and comparable performance to an experienced opthamologist, this system can also provide guidance to patients regarding appropriate preoperative posturing to reduce RD progression.
Garber et al. solved the structure of the fucose dehydrogenase FucX of the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Although C. jejuni lacks fucosidases and prefers amino acids to carbohydrates, Bacteroides vulgatus enhances the growth of C. jejuni in vitro in the presence of mucin, suggesting that this pathogen may obtain sugars from the commensal microbiota.
Ming, Yuan et al. performed whole-genome sequencing on 128 wild and domesticated Bactrian camels across Asia. They show that wild and domestic Bactrian camels are genetically diverged from dromedaries, and that wild camels contributed little to domestic camel ancestry despite sharing a habitat in East Asia.
Sun, Krystofiak et al. show the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx, glycoprotein-rich coat covering cells and assess its porosity and deformability in mice, providing a comprehensive structural framework. This study suggests that the glycocalyx may function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents.
Numan Celik et al. present a deep learning model that automatically detects single-molecule events against a noisy background in patch-clamp electrophysiological data, based on convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory architecture. This algorithm represents a step torward a fully automated electrophysiological platform.
Xiaobao Dong et al. developed a network-based framework to measure cancer diversity for cancer driver mutations, finding that half of driver genes contain both cancer type-specific and pancancer mutations. They show that the specificity of mutations could influence therapeutic responses.
Helen Duyvesteyn et al. present a high-resolution structural analysis of gluthathione binding to an enterovirus capsid. They show that glutathione binds to a surface cavity, promoting assembly of the viral capsid, and providing a potential therapeutic target.
Daniel Toker et al. develop the Chaos Decision Tree Algorithm, a method for automatically assessing the presence and degree of chaos from empirical measurements. This study suggests that researchers can use this code to detect stochasticity, periodicity, or chaos in noisy empirical measurements.
Voorberg-van der Wel et al. examine the activation of malarial hypnozoites into schizonts with a simian fluorescent hypnozoite model. They report that individual hypnozoites can activate and resume development after prolonged culture, with hypnozoite activation being an infrequent event in vitro.
Cheng, Haeberle et al. identify NHC–gold complexes as ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which triggers TGFβ production for immune suppression. They find that the MC3 compound activates TGFβ signalling while reducing Il-2 expression and CD4+ T-cell activation and suppresses autoimmune phenotypes in a mouse model of IPEX syndrome.
Hwang et al. uses NanoLuc Binary Technology to develop a bioluminescent immunoassay for monitoring activation of multiple signaling pathways through specific nodes of phosphorylation. Their method takes less than two hours to complete in a homogeneous “Add and Read” format with no requirement for cell engineering.
Daniel Friedrich et al. show that reversible proton translocation occurs in the dark–state of bacteriorhodopsin, involving the retinal Schiff base and D85 exchanging protons with H2O. They find evidence of an active site proton cage and possible proton transfer via R82.
Thapa et al find that depletion of the antioxidant enzyme NAD[P]H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) accelerates prostate tumorigenesis and induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating TGFβ signaling. They also find that low NQO1 is associated with mesenchymal signature and biochemical recurrence in clinical samples.