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Dobrzycki et al delete a conserved enhancer that drives endothelial expression of the transcription factor Gata2a in Zebrafish and find that it is required for programming of haemogenic endothelium and for maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells in the adult. These data may help understanding Gata2 deficiency syndromes in humans.
Cheryl L Ames, Anna Klompen et al. describe cassiosomes, stinging cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana. They show that these motile cell masses consist of an outer epithelial layer largely composed of nematocytes surrounding centralized clusters of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.
Wang et al. developed a method to detect the African Swine Fever Virus on site using CRISPR/Cas12a technology and lateral flow detection. This method is portable, sensitive and specific for ASFV and can help in controlling ASFV outbreak.
Qiang Li & Jun Liu present new fossils from the Early Triassic sauropterygian Lariosaurus sanxiaensis and associated reptile fauna recovered from South China. Their phylogenetic analysis places L. sanxiaensis as a basal nothosaur.
Manning Zhang et al. investigate how the mouse brain makes sense of multiple sensory types, such as sound and touch using two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the somatosensory cortex while exposing the mouse to sound and whisker simulation. They identify a potential mutually-inhibitory circuit between sound and touch that depends on the relative frequencies of the different stimuli.
The Eleanor cluster of non-coding RNAs is localised upstream of estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) gene locus in estrogen-deprived breast cancer cells. Fujita et al find that RNA fragments of Eleanor2 and of other non-coding RNAs are able to destabilise nucleosomes in vitro, suggesting a role in transcriptional regulation.
Ron Dekel and Dov Sagi use a visual discrimination task to show that when making a choice, longer reaction times decrease human perceptual bias without affecting accuracy. This decrease in perceptual bias can be explained by the accumulation of evidence and noise over time.
Using microfluidic systems, Michalaki et al show that lymphatic endothelial cells exposed to wall shear stress orient in the direction perpendicular to flow and show increased nuclear FOXC2 levels in a manner dependent on E-selectin, a transmembrane adhesion protein. These data provide insights into how lymphatic vessels respond to local flow-mediated mechanical cues.
Coureux et al. describe a cryo-EM structure of a 30S initiation complex of Pyrococcus abyssi at 3.2Å resolution. The structure uncovers a novel archaeal ribosomal protein aS21, N-terminal extension of eL41 and brings insights into base modifications of the rRNA.
Joana Carlevaro-Fita, Andrés Lanzós et al. present the Cancer LncRNA Census (CLC), a manually curated dataset of 122 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with experimentally-validated functions in cancer based on data from the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. CLC lncRNAs have unique gene features, and a number display evidence for cancer-driving functions that are conserved from humans to mice.
Ezaki et al. develop a computational tool to analyze neural resting-state dynamics of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Their data from adult humans suggest that the ability to think logically and find solutions improves with the brain located closer to criticality.
Zhang, Yang et al. compare a Fusarium oxysporum isolate obtained clinically to a phytopathogenic strain to examine transfer of lineage-specific chromosomes in determining host specificity. They find four unique lineage-specific chromosomes that seem to contribute to fungal adaptation to human hosts.
Qiushi Liu et al. study gene expression profiles of honey bees and a known honey bee-trypanosomatid parasite. They show that during infection both the host and the parasite modify their gene expression profiles, shedding light into the host–parasite interactions of infected bees.
Tian et al. showed that systemic elimination of Sarm1 in zebrafish increases Schwann-cell resistance to chemotherapeutics and protects axons from Wallerian degeneration. They use genetics, pharmacology, and high resolution intravital videomicroscopy to study Sarm1 in vivo.
Ramot et al. investigate the relationship between typicality of brain activity with typicality of eye movement patterns in autistic and typically developed individuals. They link the two measures using data derived from movie stimuli independent from social stimuli outside of the scanner.
Jessop, Arragain et al characterise the structure of the E.coli AAA+ ATPase RavA alone and in complex with the acid stress inducible lysine decarboxylase LdcI. Their results reveal two co-existing structural states of RavA and provide insights into the ATPase cycle that might be generalizable to other AAA+ ATPases of clade 7.
Lim et al. find that osteoblast-specific deletion of IFT20 impairs osteoblast/osteocyte cell alignment and reduces bone mass. Their results further show that the mechanism underlying IFT20-associated bone ciliopathies involves defects in cell polarity caused by deficient Ceramide-PKCζ recruitment to cilia and reduced β-catenin signaling, which interferes with bone development.
Abhishekh Gupta et al. present a normalized drug response (NDR) metric for accurate quantification of drug sensitivity in cell-based high-throughput assays. They show that NDR captures both toxicity and viability responses to improve drug effect classification over existing methods.
Wang ZL and Wang XM design bactericidal peptides in which an antimicrobial domain is fused to a domain that facilitates the neutralisation of lipoplysaccaride (LPS) to prevent inflammation associated with the targeting of Gram-negative bacteria. They characterise their properties and structures, and show their efficiency in vitro and in vivo.
Ali, Shami, Sedeek et al. generate a fusion between Cas9 and the VirD2 relaxase (Cas9-VirD2), which combines the functions of both proteins in producing targeted and specific double strand breaks and promoting homology-directed repair. They show the utility of their method by producing herbicide resistant rice.