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Many cancer treatments focus on aspects of the cancer cells themselves, including targeting genetic lesions or hyperactive signaling pathways within the tumor. However, tumor cells reside in a milieu of other cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, infiltrating immune cells, and blood vessels, which can promote cancer growth and act as a mechanism of treatment resistance. Other aspects of this environment, such as the extracellular matrix, can also act to promote tumor growth, resistance to treatment, and metastasis.
Additionally, the tumor itself can affect the environment to promote continued growth and metastasis, for instance, through lactate export. Therefore, targeting the tumor microenvironment may be particularly fruitful for reducing tumor growth and metastasis and blocking therapeutic resistance.
This Collection focuses on efforts to target all aspects of the tumor microenvironment, including drugs targeting infiltrating cell types, blocking interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment, and mechanisms to block the pro-tumorigenic effect of cancer cells on their environment.