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As autonomous vehicles redefine transportation, addressing challenges from refining sensor technologies to societal implications becomes imperative. This Collection provides a platform to delve into the multiple facets of autonomous driving and traffic systems, fostering a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that lie down the road. Beyond technical developments in perception, sensing and detection systems, navigation algorithms, and control mechanisms, we also welcome submissions focusing on the integration of autonomous vehicles into existing traffic systems, the dynamics of human-machine interaction, and the socio-economic impacts during the coexistence of human and autonomous drivers.