Child genital cutting and surgery: focus on non-intersex (“endosex”) female and male modifications

Contents

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  Child genital cutting and surgery across cultures, sex, and gender. Part 2: assessing consent and medical necessity in “endosex” modifications

  • Brian D. Earp
  • Jasmine Abdulcadir
  • Lih-Mei Liao

  Editorial21 Apr 2023 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Exploring opposition to ritual female genital cutting since the first U.S. federal prosecution: the 2017 Detroit case

  • Yasmin Bootwala

  Article16 Mar 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research
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  “FGM” vs. female “cosmetic” surgeries: why do they continue to be treated separately?

  In this article, I argue that the moral and legal distinction between “female genital cutting” and “female genital cosmetic surgeries” cannot be maintained without recourse to racist distinctions between the consent capacities of white women and women of colour. The physical procedures involved in these surgeries have significant overlap, as do their motivations, yet they are treated differently in everyday discourse and the law. This paper lays bare this double standard and presents and interrogates some of the reasons commonly given to justify their separate treatment. It concludes with the recommendation that the distinction be dropped in favour of more consistent consent-based stance, which avoids the racism and ethnocentrism that underwrites the present regime. According to this position, the only defensible moral and legal distinction is between those who can consent to these procedures, and those who cannot.

  • Arianne Shahvisi

  CommentOpen Access15 Dec 2021 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Cosmetic labiaplasty on minors: a review of current trends and evidence

  • Andreas Kalampalikis
  • Lina Michala

  Perspective18 Oct 2021 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Clitoral reconstruction: challenges and new directions

  • Michela Villani

  PerspectiveOpen Access13 Apr 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Reconsidering the role of patriarchy in upholding female genital modifications: analysis of contemporary and pre-industrial societies

  • Ellen Gruenbaum
  • Brian D. Earp
  • Richard A. Shweder

  Review ArticleOpen Access14 Jun 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Available evidence suggests that prevalence and risk of female genital cutting/mutilation in the UK is much lower than widely presumed - policies based on exaggerated estimates are harmful to girls and women from affected communities

  It is widely reported that ‘tens of thousands of girls’ are living in the UK with the risk of experiencing Female Genital Cutting or Mutilation (FGC/M). This paper reviews the data on which such claims are based. It finds that the data available with which to establish the scale of such risk is both sparse and problematic, and that the numbers claimed to be at risk are considerably over-inflated. For example, data collected by the National Health Service suggests that as few as eight girls had FGC/M while resident in the UK since their records began, with as few as one or two experiencing FGC/M types 1, 2 or 3. Other data publicly available or retrieved from Freedom of Information requests to the Home Office, Crown Prosecution Service, Ministry of Justice, Department for Education, National Health Service and academic sources also suggest that the ‘tens of thousands of girls’ claim is misplaced. Current UK FGM-safeguarding approaches, though well-intentioned, appear to be based on inaccurate estimates of FGC/M prevalence and risk. Existing research shows that these approaches directly harm communities, contributing to institutional discrimination, racially/religiously-motivated victimisation and the criminalisation of innocent families. This is an issue which must be urgently addressed.

  • Saffron Karlsen
  • Janet Howard
  • Christina Pantazis

  CommentOpen Access15 Jan 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Cultural change demands proportionate societal response in the handling of suspected FGM/C cases

  • Sara Johnsdotter
  • Lotta Wendel

  CommentOpen Access7 Feb 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Health outcomes and female genital mutilation/cutting: how much is due to the cutting itself?

  • Crista E. Johnson-Agbakwu
  • Georgia J. Michlig
  • Danielle S. Jacobson

  ArticleOpen Access4 Jan 2023 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Comment on: “Health outcomes and female genital mutilation/cutting: how much is due to the cutting itself?”

  • Birgitta Essén

  CommentOpen Access9 Feb 2023 International Journal of Impotence Research
• 

  Response to Comment on “Health outcomes and female genital mutilation/cutting: how much is due to the cutting itself?”

  • Sophia D. Koukoui
  • Georgia J. Michlig
  • Crista E. Johnson-Agbakwu

  CommentOpen Access9 Mar 2023 International Journal of Impotence Research
• 

  Potentially under-recognized late-stage physical and psychosexual complications of non-therapeutic neonatal penile circumcision: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of self-reports from an online community forum

  • Megha Uberoi
  • Jasmine Abdulcadir
  • Frank W. J. Anderson

  Article23 Oct 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Psychological, psychosocial, and psychosexual aspects of penile circumcision

  • Marcus C. Tye
  • Lauren M. Sardi

  Review Article28 Mar 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Deficiencies and biases in professional understanding of the effects of childhood male genital cutting: comments on “Psychological, psychosocial and psychosexual aspects of penile circumcision” by Marcus C. Tye and Lauren Sardi

  • Tim Hammond

  Comment25 Apr 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Is it time for a time-out? Progress versus politics in studying the psychosexual implications of penile circumcision

  Tye and Sardi present an extensive critical overview of the sparse and inconsistent literature on the psychological, psychosocial, and psychosexual impact of penile circumcision (PC) with a clear aim of achieving a framework for policy considerations and future research. With this perspective I humbly propose to step back and ask some deeper questions about PC, being this a politicized topic we should ask ourselves whether we can engage with a literature so full of polemical publications and polarized opinions. Even when presenting “straightforward” empirical data we can stimulate very different interpretations based on the previous beliefs or convictions of the reader, generating an undesirable sociocultural division. While PC is becoming a hot topic, we are falling far from reaching a consensus towards a medical policy framework to counsel families and individuals searching for answers; it actually seems to become a politicised philosophical battle between medical and health providers, researchers, psychologists, anthropologists, and activists. At this point, can we disentangle this ball of twine, asking the same questions and searching for the same answers—or should we call for a time-out and revaluate what we want to figure out about human sexuality in relation to cultural modifications of the genitals?

  • Beatriz Bañuelos Marco

  Comment30 Aug 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• What is the medical evidence on non-therapeutic child circumcision?

  • Matthew Deacon
  • Gordon Muir

  Review Article8 Jan 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Re: The medical evidence on non-therapeutic circumcision of infants and boys—setting the record straight

  • Brian J. Morris
  • Stephen Moreton
  • Guy Cox

  CommentOpen Access5 Jul 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Reply to Morris et al. re: ‘The medical evidence on non-therapeutic circumcision of infants and boys—setting the record straight’

  • Matthew Deacon
  • Gordon Muir

  CommentOpen Access19 Oct 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• A review of public health, social and ethical implications of voluntary medical male circumcision programs for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa

  • Winnie Kavulani Luseno
  • Stuart Rennie
  • Adam Gilbertson

  Review Article26 Oct 2021 International Journal of Impotence Research

• HIV prevention in Africa: is VMMC useful and acceptable?

  • Michel Garenne

  Comment29 Apr 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research
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  Neonatal Infant Pain Scale in assessing pain and pain relief for newborn male circumcision

  • Carlo V. Bellieni

  Review Article29 Mar 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research
• 

  Immunohistological study of the density and distribution of human penile neural tissue: gradient hypothesis

  • Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
  • Marina Gándara-Cortés
  • Lucía García-Caballero

  Article2 May 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Scientists must engage with the ethical implications of their work: a commentary on Cepeda-Emiliani et al.

  • Eric J. Cunningham

  Comment23 Sep 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Response to: Scientists must engage with the ethical implications of their work

  • Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani

  Comment9 Dec 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research
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  Foreskin restorers: insights into motivations, successes, challenges, and experiences with medical and mental health professionals – An abridged summary of key findings

  • Tim Hammond
  • Lauren M. Sardi
  • Mohamed A. B. Fahmy

  Article30 Mar 2023 International Journal of Impotence Research

• Comment: Foreskin restorers: insights into motivations, successes, challenges and experiences with medical and mental health professionals

  • S. E. Mokken
  • M. Özer
  • F. W. Timmermans

  Comment17 Apr 2023 International Journal of Impotence Research

• B’rit shalom: a Jewish ritual alternative to newborn male circumcision

  • Max DuBoff
  • Dena S. Davis

  Article30 Aug 2022 International Journal of Impotence Research