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A review and guide to nutritional care of the infant with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Journal of Perinatology volume 43, pages 402–410 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common long-term morbidity of premature birth, and the incidence of BPD is not declining despite medical advancements. Infants with BPD are at high risk for postnatal growth failure and are often treated with therapies that suppress growth. Additionally, these infants may display excess weight gain relative to linear growth. Optimal growth and nutrition are needed to promote lung growth and repair, improve long-term pulmonary function, and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. Linear growth in particular has been associated with favorable outcomes yet can be difficult to achieve in these patients. While there has been a significant clinical and research focus regarding BPD prevention and early preterm nutrition, there is a lack of literature regarding nutritional care of the infant with established BPD. There is even less information regarding how nutritional needs change as BPD evolves from an acute to chronic disease. This article reviews the current literature regarding nutritional challenges, enteral nutrition management, and monitoring for patients with established BPD. Additionally, this article provides a practical framework for interdisciplinary nutritional care based on our clinical experience at the Comprehensive Center for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

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Fig. 1: Factors involved in the achievement of optimal growth.
Fig. 2: Characteristics, growth observations, and nutrition recommendations for infants with severe BPD.
Fig. 3: Change in z-scores for growth parameters between survival and discharge.

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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Ohio Perinatal Research Network (OPRN) at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. OPRN is supported by the Center for Perinatal Research at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Funding is provided by the Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. No funding was received for this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Audrey N. Miller, Carl H. Backes & Matthew J. Kielt

  2. Comprehensive Center for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Audrey N. Miller, Jennifer Curtiss & Matthew J. Kielt

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Lactation, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jennifer Curtiss

  4. Division of Neonatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Sarah N. Taylor

  5. Division of Cardiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Carl H. Backes

  6. Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Carl H. Backes

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AM and JC drafted the manuscript, table, and figures.  AM, JC, ST, CB, and MK participated in review of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Audrey N. Miller.

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Miller, A.N., Curtiss, J., Taylor, S.N. et al. A review and guide to nutritional care of the infant with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol 43, 402–410 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-022-01578-0

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