Over the past 20 years, bone tissue has been studied as an endocrine organ that regulates the homeostasis of mineral ions1, the bone marrow niche for hematopoiesis2, energy metabolism3, and even brain function4. As the elderly population has grown to an unprecedented level, new interest in and consideration of healthy bone tissue homeostasis have arisen5. In particular, patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are increasing, and many societies must seriously reevaluate their healthcare systems. In other words, people are increasingly interested in maintaining healthy bones and homeostasis along with healthy life expectancy.
In this special issue of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, we highlight research on how bone tissue develops during embryonic development6 and explore recent treatments for skeletal genetic disorders through the functional regulation of RUNX2, a key transcription factor that forms bones7,8. Since one of the main causes of bone tissue diseases is associated with inflammatory cytokines, also featured herein is a study of the physiological and pathological signaling pathways of these cytokines in relation to bone tissue homeostasis9. Finally, we highlight the causes and mechanisms of another senile joint disease, osteoarthritis, and explore the possibility of maintaining the homeostasis of the bone joint with the trace element selenium10. Finding ways to maintain healthy bone tissue homeostasis from various perspectives is one of the pressing challenges in medicine. We hope that the review articles presented in this special issue are informative and useful to our understanding of bone tissue homeostasis.
References
Takashi, Y. & Fukumoto, S. Fibroblasts growth factor receptor as a potential candidate for phosphate sensing. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hyerptens 29, 446–452 (2020).
Nakamura-Ishizu, A., MacArthur, B. D. & Suda, T. Beginning of a new era: mapping the bone marrow niche. Cell 177, 1679–1681 (2019).
Lee, W. C., Guntur, A. R., Long, F. & Rosen, C. J. Energy metabolism of the osteoblast: implications for osteoporosis. Endocr. Rev. 38, 255–266 (2017).
Obri, A., Khrimian, L., Karsenty, G. & Oury, F. Osteocalcin in the brain: from embryonic development to age-related decline in cognigion. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 14, 174–182 (2018).
Khosla, S., Farr, J. N., Tchkonia, T. & Kirkland, J. L. The role of cellular senescence in ageing and endocrine disease. Nat. Rev. Endocr. 16, 263–275 (2020).
Tani, S., Chung, U., Obha, S. & Hojo, H. Understanding of paraxial mesoderm development and sclerosteom specification for skeletal repair. Exp. Mol. Med. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0482-1.
Kim, W. J., Shin, H. L., Kim, B. S., Kim, H. J. & Ryoo, H. M. RUNX2-modifying enzymes: therapeutic targets for bone diseases. Exp. Mol. Med. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0471-4.
Komori, T. Molecular mechanism of Runx2-dependent bone development. Mol. Cells 43, 168–175 (2020).
Sims, N. A. The JAK1/STAT3/SOCS3 axis in bone development, physiology and pathology. Exp. Mol. Med. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0445-6.
Kang, D. et al. The role of selenium metabolism and selenoproteins in cartilage homeostasis and arthropathies. Exp. Mol. Med. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0408-y.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Grant No. 2017R1A5A2015391).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, JY. Healthy bone tissue homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 52, 1165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0472-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0472-3
This article is cited by
-
Phospholipase D2 controls bone homeostasis by modulating M-CSF-dependent osteoclastic cell migration and microtubule stability
Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2022)