Comparative genomics identified a novel enhancer element of the SALL1 zinc finger transcription factor located on 16q12.1 in the human genome. SALL1 is one of the four human homologues of the Drosophila region-specific homeotic gene spalt; heterozygous mutations of which cause Townes-Brocks syndrome, characterized by anal defects, upper limb pre-axial defects, first and second arch defects including the ears and jaw, kidney malformations, and occasionally mental retardation.

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Three-dimensional micro-computerized tomography demonstrated differences in myocardial volume perfused per vessel cross-sectional area between left and right ventricular walls. This observation may be important in predicting the increased pressure-load induced right ventricular dysfunction when serving the systemic ventricular role.

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Mutations of gap junction protein beta-2 (GJB2) that encodes connexin 26 and not GJB6 that encodes connexin 30, were detected with a higher frequency in African American children with CMV infection and hearing loss (21%) versus those with normal hearing (3%) and uninfected newborns (3.9%).

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Retinoid supplementation failed to enhance alveolar angiogenesis but increased elastin expression in alveolar myofibroblasts. These observations negate retinoid effect on enhanced alveolar development.

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Administration of the NEMO-binding domain (NDB) peptide selectively inhibits the critical upstream Iκβ kinase (IKK) and elevated NF-κβ associated bowel injury and mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis, thus providing promise as a therapeutic strategy.

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Evaluation of whole brain white matter of children born preterm revealed a reduction in volume and fractional anisotropy, both parameters affecting long-term cognition.

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