For purposes of this example, assume that the user does not already have the human sequence of interest to hand. The first step will be to locate the human gene of interest using the UCSC Genome Browser. Begin by pointing to the UCSC Genome Browser home page, at http://genome.ucsc.edu. Select Human from the Organism pull-down menu and then click on Browser; both are located on the blue navigation bar at the left side of the page. This will take the user to the Human Genome Browser Gateway. Select the Dec. 2001 version of the UCSC genome assembly, type the gene symbol 'AGPS' into the position box, and then click Submit. On the resulting page, follow the link for AGPS in the Known Genes section.
The result of the search on AGPS is shown in Fig. 11.1. In the main figure are a series of 'tracks', which are labeled along the left-hand side. The Known Gene track is for AGPS, corresponding to the query. Clicking on AGPS returns a summary of information on that gene, including the full name of the protein product (alkylglycerone phosphate synthase precursor), a link to the GeneCards database at the Weizmann Institute20 and links to the translated protein, mRNA and genomic sequences. Focus now on the track labeled Mouse Translated Blat Alignments. What is shown in this track are the results of aligning the November 2001 version of the mouse genome assembly with the human genome using the program BLAT8 in its translated protein mode. More details about the BLAT algorithm and about how the mouse BLAT track is automatically generated can be found by clicking on the Mouse Blat hyperlink found below the main graphical display.
Figure 11.1
Click anywhere within the Mouse Blat track to expand the single BLAT track so that it now shows each individual mouse sequence that aligns with human sequence in the region of interest (Fig. 11.2). Especially in a translated mode, mouse and human gene sequences are usually more similar in exons than in introns. Look carefully at the two alignments that derive from a mouse sequence called chr3 81178k (Fig. 11.2, arrow). On the Mouse Blat track, the brown vertical lines represent alignments and the horizontal lines are gaps. These alignments correspond to the blue vertical lines indicating the exons of AGPS on the Known Genes track.
Figure 11.2
To see the kind of information available for a translated BLAT alignment, click on the mouse genomic sequence labeled chr3 81178k. The resulting page (Fig. 11.3) provides the details of the alignment of the trace with the human genome assembly. This mouse genomic sequence is 607 nt in length and aligns with the human sequence in eight blocks. Within the blocks, the mouse and human sequences are 78% identical. To view the alignment itself, click on the View details of parts of alignment... link. On the resulting page (Fig. 11.4), the mouse sequence is shown on top, with the region of alignment in blue. The human genomic sequence is shown next, and a side-by-side alignment of the human and mouse sequences is at the bottom of the web page (not shown).
Figure 11.3
Figure 11.4
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Question 11 An investigator has identified and cloned a human gene, but no corresponding mouse ortholog has yet been identified. How can a mouse genomic sequence with similarity to the human gene sequence be retrieved?. Nat Genet 32 (Suppl 1), 63–65 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng976
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng976
