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| Open AccessOptochemical control of slow-wave sleep in the nucleus accumbens of male mice by a photoactivatable allosteric modulator of adenosine A2A receptors
The nucleus accumbens integrates sleep and motivation in mice. Here, the authors show sleep induction by increasing the activity of extracellular adenosine from astrocytes and neurons at A2A receptors with a photoactivatable allosteric modulator.
- Koustav Roy
- , Xuzhao Zhou
- & Michael Lazarus
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| Open AccessKnockdown of GABAA alpha3 subunits on thalamic reticular neurons enhances deep sleep in mice
Uygun et al. show that deletion of GABAA receptors from the thalamic reticular nucleus using CRISPR gene editing in mice boosts the delta waves, indicating a role for GABAA receptors on thalamic reticular nucleus neurons in NREM sleep delta oscillations.
- David S. Uygun
- , Chun Yang
- & Radhika Basheer
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| Open AccessBreathing coordinates cortico-hippocampal dynamics in mice during offline states
Using large-scale recordings from cortical and subcortical brain regions in behaving mice, the authors reveal the presence of a respiratory corollary discharge in mice, that modulates neural activity across these circuits and couples hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and cortical DOWN/UP state transitions.
- Nikolaos Karalis
- & Anton Sirota
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| Open AccessRapid fast-delta decay following prolonged wakefulness marks a phase of wake-inertia in NREM sleep
Changes in EEG delta-activity are widely used as proxy of sleep propensity. Here the authors demonstrate in mice and humans the presence of two types of delta-waves, only one of which reports on prior sleep-wake history with dynamics denoting a wake-inertia process accompanying deepest non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM) sleep.
- Jeffrey Hubbard
- , Thomas C. Gent
- & Paul Franken
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| Open AccessBidirectional prefrontal-hippocampal dynamics organize information transfer during sleep in humans
How are memories transferred from short-term to long-term storage? Here, the authors show that during deep (NREM) sleep, the prefrontal cortex initiates rapid, bidirectional interactions to trigger information transfer from the hippocampus to the neocortex.
- Randolph F. Helfrich
- , Janna D. Lendner
- & Robert T. Knight
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| Open AccessNREM sleep in the rodent neocortex and hippocampus reflects excitable dynamics
NREM sleep in rodents is characterized by internal dynamics in the form of UP/DOWN states in the neocortex and SWRs in the hippocampus. Here, the authors report that a mean field model with excitable dynamics captures the transition probabilities between these states from rodent sleep data.
- Daniel Levenstein
- , György Buzsáki
- & John Rinzel
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| Open AccessRegulation of cortical activity and arousal by the matrix cells of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus
The ventromedial thalamus (VM) is thought to control cortical arousal through its diffuse projections to cortex. Here the authors record and manipulate the activity of calbindin1-positive matrix cells in VM and show that they bidirectionally regulate the sleep-wake transition.
- Sakiko Honjoh
- , Shuntaro Sasai
- & Chiara Cirelli
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| Open AccessAuditory closed-loop stimulation of EEG slow oscillations strengthens sleep and signs of its immune-supportive function
Circulating hormones undergo fluctuations during sleep. Here, the authors increase electroencephalographic slow oscillations (SO) during sleep in men using an auditory closed-loop stimulation, and show that the circulating level of cortisol, aldosterone and immune cell count can be altered.
- Luciana Besedovsky
- , Hong-Viet V. Ngo
- & Jan Born
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| Open AccessSlow-wave sleep is controlled by a subset of nucleus accumbens core neurons in mice
In addition to circadian and homoeostatic drives, motivational levels influence sleep−wake cycles. Here the authors demonstrate that adenosine receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens core that project to the ventral pallidum are inhibited by motivational stimuli and are causally involved in the control of slow-wave sleep.
- Yo Oishi
- , Qi Xu
- & Michael Lazarus
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| Open AccessCortical Up states induce the selective weakening of subthreshold synaptic inputs
Slow oscillations between cortical Up and Down states are a defining feature of deep sleep, but their function is not well understood. Here the authors study Up/Down states in acute slices of entorhinal cortex, and find that Up states promote the weakening of subthreshold synaptic inputs, while suprathreshold inputs are preserved or strengthened.
- Julian Bartram
- , Martin C. Kahn
- & Edward O. Mann
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| Open AccessDeep sleep maintains learning efficiency of the human brain
Deep sleep is hypothesized to restore the brain's capacity to learn. Here the authors provide causal evidence by specifically perturbing slow wave activity over the motor cortex during NREM sleep in humans and demonstrate a reduction in neurophysiological markers of plasticity and capacity for motor learning.
- Sara Fattinger
- , Toon T. de Beukelaar
- & Reto Huber
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| Open AccessDecoding material-specific memory reprocessing during sleep in humans
Neuronal learning activity is reactivated during sleep but the dynamics of this reactivation in humans are still poorly understood. Here the authors show that memory processing occurs during all stages of sleep in humans but that reprocessing of memory content in REM and non-REM sleep has different effects on later memory performance.
- M. Schönauer
- , S. Alizadeh
- & S. Gais
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| Open AccessEvidence that birds sleep in mid-flight
Whether and how birds sleep during long-distance flights has remained a mystery. Here, Rattenborg and colleagues show for the first time that frigatebirds can sleep during flight, but do so in remarkably small amounts.
- Niels C Rattenborg
- , Bryson Voirin
- & Alexei L. Vyssotski