Featured
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| Open AccessPOD1-SUN-CRT3 chaperone complex guards the ER sorting of LRR receptor kinases in Arabidopsis
Cargo transport from the ER to the Golgi is highly selective. Here the authors identify three secretory pathway localized proteins that regulate ER sorting of receptor kinases in Arabidopsis and are required to support pollen tube growth.
- Yong Xue
- , Jiang-Guo Meng
- & Wei-Cai Yang
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis cryptochrome 2 forms photobodies with TCP22 under blue light and regulates the circadian clock
Cryptochrome signaling has been reported to regulate circadian oscillations in plants. Here the authors show that CRY2 and the TCP22 transcription factors can form photobodies in a blue light dependent manner and induce expression of CCA1, a core component of the circadian oscillator.
- Weiliang Mo
- , Junchuan Zhang
- & Zecheng Zuo
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Article
| Open AccessDichotomy of the BSL phosphatase signaling spatially regulates MAPK components in stomatal fate determination
In Arabidopsis, BSL1 localizes to the cell cortex and activates the MAPKK Kinase YDA to inhibit stomatal production. Here the authors show that three other BSL proteins BSL2, BSL3, and BSU1 act in the nucleus to deactivate MPK6 and promote stomatal formation.
- Xiaoyu Guo
- , Xue Ding
- & Juan Dong
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Article
| Open AccessThe phytochrome interacting proteins ERF55 and ERF58 repress light-induced seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Phytochromes regulate light-dependent seed germination in plants. Here the authors show that light-activated phytochromes bind two ERF transcriptional regulators and repress their activity to allow completion of germination.
- Zenglin Li
- , David J. Sheerin
- & Andreas Hiltbrunner
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Article
| Open AccessExploring a blue-light-sensing transcription factor to double the peak productivity of oil in Nannochloropsis oceanica
Microalgae are promising feedstock for oil production. The authors report that a transcription factor NobZIP77 can regulate oil synthesis by sensing the blue light, and explore these findings to greatly enhance oil productivity via genetic and process engineering in Nannochloropsis oceanica.
- Peng Zhang
- , Yi Xin
- & Jian Xu
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Article
| Open AccessMechanistic insights into the regulation of plant phosphate homeostasis by the rice SPX2 – PHR2 complex
SPX receptors regulate plant phosphate response via PHR transcription factors. Here, based on crystal structure analysis of rice PHR2 complexes, the authors propose that SPX2 regulates PHR2 by preventing DNA binding and oligomerisation of the PHR2 CC domain.
- Zeyuan Guan
- , Qunxia Zhang
- & Zhu Liu
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Article
| Open AccessNew recognition specificity in a plant immune receptor by molecular engineering of its integrated domain
Plant NLR proteins trigger immune responses upon recognition of pathogen effectors. Here the authors show that the integrated decoy domain of the rice NLR RGA5 can be engineered to trigger immune responses upon binding a non-cognate effector.
- Stella Cesari
- , Yuxuan Xi
- & Thomas Kroj
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Article
| Open AccessHSL1 and BAM1/2 impact epidermal cell development by sensing distinct signaling peptides
HAESA and HSL2 are receptors for IDA/IDL-family signaling peptides in plants. Here the authors show that HSL1, previously shown to recognize CLE9, preferentially binds IDA/IDL peptides and regulates leaf epidermal patterning independently of CLE peptides.
- Andra-Octavia Roman
- , Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- & Julia Santiago
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Article
| Open AccessCoat proteins of necroviruses target 14-3-3a to subvert MAPKKKα-mediated antiviral immunity in plants
MAPK cascades play an important role in innate immunity. Here, the authors show that that beet black scorch virus activates MAPK signaling in Nicotiana benthamiana and the viral coat protein counteracts MAPK-mediated defence by competitively binding to a MAPKKKα interactor.
- Zongyu Gao
- , Dingliang Zhang
- & Yongliang Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessActivation of the plant mevalonate pathway by extracellular ATP
Products of the mevalonate pathway support plant development. Here the authors show that the extracellular ATP receptor P2K1 phosphorylates mevalonate kinase and this affects the mevalonate pathway.
- Sung-Hwan Cho
- , Katalin Tóth
- & Gary Stacey
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Article
| Open AccessOxicam-type non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit NPR1-mediated salicylic acid pathway
The plant defense hormone salicylic acid has structural similarity to oxicam-type non-steroidal antiinflammatories. Here the authors show oxicams, as well as endogenous salicylic acid, can alter cellular redox state and immune signaling without affecting the redox status of cysteines in NPR1.
- Nobuaki Ishihama
- , Seung-won Choi
- & Ken Shirasu
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Article
| Open AccessInterdependent iron and phosphorus availability controls photosynthesis through retrograde signaling
Iron deficiency induces chlorosis in plants but only when phosphate supply is sufficient. Here, the authors show that phosphate-dependency is governed by a ROS-mediated retrograde signaling pathway involving the PHT4;4 chloroplast ascorbate transporter and the bZIP58 nuclear transcription factor.
- Hye-In Nam
- , Zaigham Shahzad
- & Hatem Rouached
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Article
| Open AccessMechanism of phosphate sensing and signaling revealed by rice SPX1-PHR2 complex structure
SPX proteins sense phosphate levels in plant cells by binding to inositol polyphosphates (InsP) and suppressing the activity of PHR transcription factors. Here the authors show that when bound to InsP6, the rice SPX1 protein inhibits the activity of PHR2 by attenuating both its dimerization and DNA binding activity.
- Jia Zhou
- , Qinli Hu
- & Weiman Xing
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Article
| Open AccessThe main oxidative inactivation pathway of the plant hormone auxin
Auxin inactivation plays important roles in plant development. Here the authors show that the main route of IAA inactivation in Arabidopsis is via conjugation by GH3 IAA-amidosynthetases followed by DAO1 dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of the conjugated forms and hydrolysis by ILR1 to release inactive oxIAA.
- Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- , Kazushi Arai
- & Kosuke Fukui
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Article
| Open AccessMCAs in Arabidopsis are Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels inherently sensitive to membrane tension
Mechanosensitive ion channels convert mechanical stimuli into intracellular electric and ionic signals. Here the authors show that Arabidopsis MCA2 is a Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel that is directly activated by membrane tension.
- Kenjiro Yoshimura
- , Kazuko Iida
- & Hidetoshi Iida
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrated omics networks reveal the temporal signaling events of brassinosteroid response in Arabidopsis
Brassinosteroids (BR) regulate plant development and stress responses. Here, by integrating multiple omics datasets and inferring networks, the authors profile BR signaling in Arabidopsis and characterize BRONTOSAURUS, a BR-regulated transcription factor that impacts cell division in roots.
- Natalie M. Clark
- , Trevor M. Nolan
- & Justin W. Walley
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Article
| Open AccessThe Arabidopsis MIK2 receptor elicits immunity by sensing a conserved signature from phytocytokines and microbes
Peptide signals generated during plant microbe interactions can trigger immune responses in plants. Here the authors show that SCOOP12, a member of a family of peptides present in Brassicaceae plants, and SCOOP12-like motifs in Fusarium fungi, can trigger immune responses following perception by the MIK2 receptor kinase.
- Shuguo Hou
- , Derui Liu
- & Ping He
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Article
| Open AccessA minus-end directed kinesin motor directs gravitropism in Physcomitrella patens
Gravitropism is the process by which plants perceive and respond to gravity. Here the authors identify a minus-end-directed kinesin required for gravity-triggered actin filament rearrangement and negative gravitropic response in the moss Physcomitrella patens, thus linking a microtubule-based cellular motor to gravitropism via actin.
- Yufan Li
- , Zhaoguo Deng
- & Haodong Chen
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Article
| Open AccessSpatial regulation of thermomorphogenesis by HY5 and PIF4 in Arabidopsis
Plants undergo morphological changes collectively termed thermomorphogenesis when exposed to elevated temperature. Here the authors show that the SPA1 kinase regulates distinct thermomorphogenic responses according to tissue type by interactions with PIF4 and HY5 in shoots and roots, respectively.
- Sanghwa Lee
- , Wenli Wang
- & Enamul Huq
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Article
| Open AccessPathogen effector recognition-dependent association of NRG1 with EDS1 and SAG101 in TNL receptor immunity
For defence, plants deploy nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors to detect pathogens that signal via modular networks of downstream proteins. Here the authors report rapid induced association of non-interchangeable signalling pathway module components after NLR activation.
- Xinhua Sun
- , Dmitry Lapin
- & Jane E. Parker
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Article
| Open AccessThe membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis
Plants respond to warmth via growth processes termed thermomorphogenesis. Here, via a phosphoproteomics approach, the authors show that the mitogen activated protein kinase TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis in both wheat and Arabidopsis and modifies brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.
- Lam Dai Vu
- , Xiangyu Xu
- & Ive De Smet
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Article
| Open AccessS-acylation of P2K1 mediates extracellular ATP-induced immune signaling in Arabidopsis
S-acylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification that often regulates protein function at the plasma membrane. Here the authors show that an Arabidopsis extracellular ATP receptor P2K1 mediates phosphorylation of two S-acyltransferases which in turn mediate S-acylation of P2K1 and dampen ATP responses.
- Dongqin Chen
- , Fengsheng Hao
- & Gary Stacey
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Article
| Open AccessInitiation and amplification of SnRK2 activation in abscisic acid signaling
SnRK2 kinase activity is rapidly activated in response to ABA. Here the authors show that initial activation of SnRK2s is achieved by B2 and B3 RAF kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the activation loop and that transphosphorylation between SnRK2s then amplifies the response.
- Zhen Lin
- , Yuan Li
- & Pengcheng Wang
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Article
| Open AccessTwo chemically distinct root lignin barriers control solute and water balance
Defects in the Casparian strip, a fine band of lignin that seals root endodermal cells and plays roles in nutrient homeostasis, activate a signaling pathway leading to over-lignification. Here, the authors show that this process leads to the deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin.
- Guilhem Reyt
- , Priya Ramakrishna
- & David E. Salt
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Article
| Open AccessRegulation of Arabidopsis photoreceptor CRY2 by two distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases
The fate of proteins in cells is determined by not only synthesis but also degradation. Here Chen et al. show that degradation of the plant blue light receptor CRY2 is determined by two distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases, Cul4COP1/SPAs and Cul3LRBs, regulating the function of CRY2 under different light conditions.
- Yadi Chen
- , Xiaohua Hu
- & Chentao Lin
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Article
| Open AccessPoaceae-specific cell wall-derived oligosaccharides activate plant immunity via OsCERK1 during Magnaporthe oryzae infection in rice
Pathogen entry to plant cells can release cell wall components. Here the authors show that two endoglucanases secreted by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, produce specific oligosaccharides from rice cell walls that trigger immunity by promoting dimerization of OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP receptors.
- Chao Yang
- , Rui Liu
- & Jun Liu
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Article
| Open AccessRCB initiates Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis by stabilizing the thermoregulator PIF4 in the daytime
The Arabidopsis PIF4 transcription factor is stabilized during the daytime in response to warm temperature and regulates thermomorphogenesis. Here the authors show that the response to warm temperature depends on the concerted action of the HMR and RCB proteins that act collaboratively to stabilize PIF4.
- Yongjian Qiu
- , Elise K. Pasoreck
- & Meng Chen
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Article
| Open AccessGABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience
GABA accumulates during stress in plants but how, where and when GABA acts is not clear. Here the authors show that GABA production in Arabidopsis guard cells reduces stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, thereby improving water use efficiency.
- Bo Xu
- , Yu Long
- & Matthew Gilliham
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Article
| Open AccessEARLY BUD-BREAK 1 and EARLY BUD-BREAK 3 control resumption of poplar growth after winter dormancy
An AP2/ERF family gene EBB1 and a MADS-box gene SVL encode two regulators of poplar bud break. Here, the authors report another AP2/ERF transcription factor EBB3, which functions together with EBB1, SVL, and cell cycle progression promoter CYCD3.1 to regulate poplar bud break.
- Abdul Azeez
- , Yiru Chen Zhao
- & Victor B. Busov
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis ACINUS is O-glycosylated and regulates transcription and alternative splicing of regulators of reproductive transitions
AtACINUS is an Arabidopsis homolog of a mammalian splicing regulator and previously found to be O-GlcNAcyated. Here Bi et al. characterize the interactors and targets of AtACINUS, show it is required for development and stress responses and provide evidence that its O-glycosylation affects alternative splicing.
- Yang Bi
- , Zhiping Deng
- & Zhi-Yong Wang
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Article
| Open AccessPerception of a divergent family of phytocytokines by the Arabidopsis receptor kinase MIK2
Secreted peptides and cell-surface localized receptor kinases allow plants to modify growth and development according to external cues. Here, Rhodes et al. show that the MIK2 receptor perceives the SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE (SCOOP) family of phytocytokines and is capable of recognising Fusarium-derived SCOOP-like peptides.
- Jack Rhodes
- , Huanjie Yang
- & Cyril Zipfel
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Review Article
| Open AccessRole of Raf-like kinases in SnRK2 activation and osmotic stress response in plants
A better understanding of how plants respond to osmotic stress could potentially help improve crop yields. Here Fàbregas et al. review the recent characterization of Raf-like kinases that act in both in ABA-dependent and -independent responses to osmotic stress.
- Norma Fàbregas
- , Takuya Yoshida
- & Alisdair R. Fernie
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Article
| Open AccessMYB61 is regulated by GRF4 and promotes nitrogen utilization and biomass production in rice
The molecular connection between nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and biomass production is unclear. Here, the authors show that differences in NUE and cellulose biogenesis between rice indica and japonica subspecies can be explained by variation at the MYB61 locus, which is regulated by the NUE regulator GRF4.
- Yihong Gao
- , Zuopeng Xu
- & Yihua Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessMIR2111-5 locus and shoot-accumulated mature miR2111 systemically enhance nodulation depending on HAR1 in Lotus japonicus
In legumes, shoot-derived signals regulate rhizobial symbiosis to balance the benefits of N2 fixation with the energy costs of nodule production. Here Okuma et al. show that Lotus miR2111 is produced in the leaves from the MIR2111-5 locus and is a graft-transmissable signal that enhances nodulation in the roots.
- Nao Okuma
- , Takashi Soyano
- & Masayoshi Kawaguchi
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Article
| Open AccessA trimeric CrRLK1L-LLG1 complex genetically modulates SUMM2-mediated autoimmunity
MAPK signaling suppresses autoimmunity mediated by the SUMM2 receptor in Arabidopsis. Here Huang et al. show that a trimeric complex consisting of the GPI anchored protein LLG1, and the two receptor-like proteins LET1 and LET2, promotes activation of SUMM2 according to MAPK signaling status.
- Yanyan Huang
- , Chuanchun Yin
- & Ping He
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Article
| Open AccessEthylene-independent signaling by the ethylene precursor ACC in Arabidopsis ovular pollen tube attraction
Ethylene is synthesized from the non-proteinogenic amino acid ACC. Here, Mou et al. show that ACC itself acts independently of ethylene to trigger secretion of a pollen tube attractant in the sporophytic tissue of Arabidopsis ovules and can activate Ca2+-currents via GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE channels.
- Wangshu Mou
- , Yun-Ting Kao
- & Caren Chang
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Article
| Open AccessStructural signatures in EPR3 define a unique class of plant carbohydrate receptors
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are perceived by legumes and regulate symbiosis with rhizobia. Here the authors describe the structure of the Lotus EPS receptor, EPR3 and show that it has atypical βαββ and βαβ folds that represent a structural signature for a unique class of EPS receptors in the plant kingdom.
- Jaslyn E. M. M. Wong
- , Kira Gysel
- & Kasper R. Andersen
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Article
| Open AccessRegulation of reactive oxygen species during plant immunity through phosphorylation and ubiquitination of RBOHD
During plant innate immunity ROS is produced via the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Here, Lee et al. show that RBOHD protein abundance is regulated through phosphorylation by the PBL13 receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and via ubiquitination by PIRE, a newly identified E3 ubiquitin ligase.
- DongHyuk Lee
- , Neeraj K. Lal
- & Gitta Coaker
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Article
| Open AccessThe morphology, molecular development and ecological function of pseudonectaries on Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) petals
Interspecies interactions, including those between plants and pollinators, can involve deception. The authors characterize the molecular development of Nigella damascena pseudonectaries, and their adaptive function in attracting specific pollinators to concealed nectaries with visual cues.
- Hong Liao
- , Xuehao Fu
- & Hongzhi Kong
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Article
| Open AccessModulation of BIN2 kinase activity by HY5 controls hypocotyl elongation in the light
HY5 is a bZIP transcription factor and master regulator of photomorphogenesis in plants. Here, the authors show that in addition to regulating transcription, HY5 promotes the activity of the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 thus negatively regulating hypocotyl elongation by suppressing brassinosteroid signaling.
- Jian Li
- , William Terzaghi
- & Xing Wang Deng
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Article
| Open AccessCryptochrome-mediated blue-light signalling modulates UVR8 photoreceptor activity and contributes to UV-B tolerance in Arabidopsis
The Arabidopsis UVR8 photoreceptor is a dimer that monomerizes in response to UV-B. Here the authors show that cryptochromes contribute to UV tolerance and facilitate UVR8 redimerization via induction of RUP proteins in response to blue light, modifying UV-B signalling in polychromatic light environments.
- Nicolas Tissot
- & Roman Ulm
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Article
| Open AccessDivergent receptor proteins confer responses to different karrikins in two ephemeral weeds
Karrikins are germination stimulants perceived by KAI2 in Arabidopsis. Here the authors show that Brassica tournefortii, a close relative to Arabidopsis, has multiple copies of KAI2 with amino acid substitutions that confer responsiveness to the specific karrikin compounds found in wildfire smoke.
- Yueming Kelly Sun
- , Jiaren Yao
- & Mark T. Waters
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Article
| Open AccessTransient genome-wide interactions of the master transcription factor NLP7 initiate a rapid nitrogen-response cascade
Conventional methods cannot reveal transient transcription factors (TFs) and targets interactions. Here, Alvarez et al. capture both stable and transient TF-target interactions by time-series ChIP-seq and/or DamID-seq in a cell-based TF perturbation system and show NLP7 as a master TF to initiate a rapid nitrogen-response cascade.
- José M. Alvarez
- , Anna-Lena Schinke
- & Gloria M. Coruzzi
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Article
| Open AccessA phosphorylation-based switch controls TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis in plants
Precise regulation of auxin concentration via transport and metabolism determines the developmental fate of plant tissues. Here the authors show that local auxin biosynthesis is regulated by TMK4-dependent phosphorylation of the TAA1 enzyme and that this is required for proper root development.
- Qian Wang
- , Guochen Qin
- & Tongda Xu
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Article
| Open AccessShoot-to-root mobile CEPD-like 2 integrates shoot nitrogen status to systemically regulate nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis
Plants regulate nitrate uptake in roots to meet nitrogen demand in shoots. Here Ota et al. identify CEPDL2, a polypeptide that is induced during nitrogen deficiency in leaves, and show that it moves via the phloem to promote high-affinity nitrate uptake and root-to-shoot nitrate transport.
- Ryosuke Ota
- , Yuri Ohkubo
- & Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi
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Article
| Open AccessA RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascade mediates early osmotic stress signaling in higher plants
Rapid activation of SnRK2 kinases is central to plant responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid. Here the authors show that a group of Raf-like kinases are very quickly activated by osmotic stress, and then phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s.
- Zhen Lin
- , Yuan Li
- & Pengcheng Wang
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Article
| Open AccessAuxin-dependent control of a plasmodesmal regulator creates a negative feedback loop modulating lateral root emergence
Auxin promotes lateral root emergence from pericycle cells in the root vasculature. Here the authors show that induction of the plasmodesmal regulator PDLP5 during lateral root emergence restricts the spatial scope of auxin signaling to the cells overlying the primordia.
- Ross Sager
- , Xu Wang
- & Jung-Youn Lee
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Article
| Open AccessMAP3Kinase-dependent SnRK2-kinase activation is required for abscisic acid signal transduction and rapid osmotic stress response
SnRK2 kinases activate abiotic stress responses in plants following ABA-dependent phosphatase inhibition or ABA-independent osmotic stress signalling. Here Takahashi et al. show that MAPKK-kinases phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s thus enabling robust ABA and osmotic stress signal transduction.
- Yohei Takahashi
- , Jingbo Zhang
- & Julian I. Schroeder
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Review Article
| Open AccessMolecular mechanisms underlying phytochrome-controlled morphogenesis in plants
Perception of red and far-red light by photosensory phytochromes regulates plant development and adaptive responses to light. Here, Legris et al. review current models of phytochrome function connecting light-induced conformational changes to physiological outputs and highlight open questions for future research.
- Martina Legris
- , Yetkin Çaka Ince
- & Christian Fankhauser