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| Open AccessLearning how network structure shapes decision-making for bio-inspired computing
Better understanding of a trade-off between the speed and accuracy of decision-making is relevant for mapping biological intelligence to machines. The authors introduce a brain-inspired learning algorithm to uncover dependencies in individual fMRI networks with features of neural activity and predict inter-individual differences in decision-making.
- Michael Schirner
- , Gustavo Deco
- & Petra Ritter
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Article
| Open AccessNumber selective sensorimotor neurons in the crow translate perceived numerosity into number of actions
Translating a perceived number into a matching number of self-generated actions is key in numerical reasoning. Here, the authors report sensorimotor neurons in the crow telencephalon that signaled the impending number of self-generated actions.
- Maximilian E. Kirschhock
- & Andreas Nieder
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| Open AccessDissociable multi-scale patterns of development in personalized brain networks
Studies of brain network development typically focus on a single scale. Here, the authors derived personalized functional networks across scales, and find that network development systematically adheres to and strengthens hierarchical cortical organization.
- Adam R. Pines
- , Bart Larsen
- & Theodore D. Satterthwaite
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| Open AccessNeuroimaging evidence for a network sampling theory of individual differences in human intelligence test performance
A defining human characteristic is the ability to perform diverse cognitively challenging tasks. The authors show that this adaptability relates to a network sampling mechanism, where brain-wide network states transiently blend the unique combinations of neural resources required by different tasks.
- Eyal Soreq
- , Ines R. Violante
- & Adam Hampshire
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Article
| Open AccessPredictive learning as a network mechanism for extracting low-dimensional latent space representations
Neural networks trained using predictive models generate representations that recover the underlying low-dimensional latent structure in the data. Here, the authors demonstrate that a network trained on a spatial navigation task generates place-related neural activations similar to those observed in the hippocampus and show that these are related to the latent structure.
- Stefano Recanatesi
- , Matthew Farrell
- & Eric Shea-Brown
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Article
| Open AccessTransferring structural knowledge across cognitive maps in humans and models
Humans are able to exploit patterns or schemas when performing new tasks, but the mechanism for this ability is still unknown. Using graph-learning tasks, we show that humans are able to transfer abstract structural knowledge and suggest a computational mechanism by which such transfer can occur.
- Shirley Mark
- , Rani Moran
- & Timothy E. J. Behrens
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Article
| Open AccessFormat-dependent and format-independent representation of sequential and simultaneous numerosity in the crow endbrain
Numbers are processed as abstract categories, despite considerable variations in presentation formats. By recording single-neuron activity in behaving crows, the authors show successive format-dependent and format-independent numerosity codes in the avian endbrain.
- Helen M. Ditz
- & Andreas Nieder
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Article
| Open AccessGender differences in individual variation in academic grades fail to fit expected patterns for STEM
Men are over-represented in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) workforce even though girls outperform boys in these subjects at school. Here, the authors cast doubt on one leading explanation for this paradox, the ‘variability hypothesis’.
- R. E. O’Dea
- , M. Lagisz
- & S. Nakagawa
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Article
| Open AccessGenome-wide association study results for educational attainment aid in identifying genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia
Educational attainment and schizophrenia have a negative phenotypic relationship but show positive genetic correlation. Here, the authors study genetic dependence between the two traits and find that multiple genes have pleiotropic effects on both without a systematic pattern of sign concordance.
- V. Bansal
- , M. Mitjans
- & P. D. Koellinger
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Article
| Open AccessTask-induced brain state manipulation improves prediction of individual traits
Decoding or predicting cognitive traits from brain activity is an exciting prospect. Here, the authors show that task-based functional connectivity better predicts intelligence-related measures than rest-based connectivity, suggesting that cognitive tasks amplify individual differences in trait-relevant circuitry.
- Abigail S. Greene
- , Siyuan Gao
- & R. Todd Constable
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| Open AccessDiffusion markers of dendritic density and arborization in gray matter predict differences in intelligence
Previous studies suggest that individual differences in intelligence correlate with circuit complexity and dendritic arborization in the brain. Here the authors use NODDI, a diffusion MRI technique, to confirm that neurite density and arborization are inversely related to measures of intelligence.
- Erhan Genç
- , Christoph Fraenz
- & Rex E. Jung