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Open Access
Featured
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Research Highlight |
Why the immune response to a vaccine varies from person to person
A dormant immune system before receiving the BCG vaccine is tied to a greater innate immune response afterwards.
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Comment |
Boosting microbiome science worldwide could save millions of children’s lives
Studies of the microbes living on and in our bodies are conducted mainly in a few rich countries, squandering opportunities to improve the health of people globally.
- Hilary P. Browne
- , Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- & Samuel Kariuki
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Editorial |
A new class of antibiotics is cause for cautious celebration — but the economics must be fixed
The threat of antimicrobial resistance means that new antibiotics need to be used sparingly. Governments must support their development with a long-term funding plan.
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Nature Podcast |
Science in 2024: what to expect this year
AI, Moon missions, weaponized mosquitoes and superfast supercomputers — we’ll run through what to look out for in the new year.
- Noah Baker
- & Miryam Naddaf
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Research Highlight |
Guardian immune cells keep kidney stones at bay
Macrophages clear the urine of particles that could clump together to form painful masses.
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News & Views |
Contact-tracing app predicts risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission
The risk of catching COVID-19 as calculated by a smartphone app scales with the probability of subsequently testing positive for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, showing that digital contact tracing is a useful tool for fighting future pandemics.
- Justus Benzler
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News |
Vaccines reduce the risk of long COVID in children
A study shows that US children who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have some protection against developing long-lasting symptoms of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
- Shannon Hall
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News |
Cancer-fighting CAR T cells could be made inside body with viral injection
Scientists are devising ways to edit the genomes of immune cells without having to extract them from the people being treated.
- Heidi Ledford
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Career Column |
How Dark Souls and Darth Revan helped me to make sense of my professorship
John Tregoning compares academia to role-playing video games as a way to discuss how the choices we make can affect the paths we take.
- John Tregoning
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News & Views |
Muscle immune cells protect mitochondrial organelles during exercise
A suppressive type of immune cell called a regulatory T cell has a key role in helping muscles to adapt to exercise — guarding muscle mitochondrial organelles against damage mediated by proinflammatory factors generated during physical activity.
- Gerald Coulis
- & S. Armando Villalta
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Article
| Open AccessMucosal boosting enhances vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques
Intratracheal boosting with a bivalent Ad26-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine results in substantial induction of mucosal humoral and cellular immunity and near-complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 in rhesus macaques.
- Katherine McMahan
- , Frank Wegmann
- & Dan H. Barouch
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News Feature |
Nature’s 10: ten people (and one non-human) who helped shape science in 2023
An AI pioneer, an architect of India’s Moon mission and the world’s first global heat officer are some of the people behind this year’s big stories.
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News & Views |
A next-generation inhalable dry powder COVID vaccine
Current injectable COVID-19 vaccines are unable to induce robust immunity in the mucosal tissues lining the airways. A protein-based vaccine delivered to the lungs in the form of an inhaled dry powder shows promise as a way forward.
- Zhou Xing
- & Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
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News Feature |
Malaria fighter: this researcher paved the way for a game-changing vaccine
Halidou Tinto runs a clinic in rural Burkina Faso that has been instrumental to the approval of the world’s first malaria vaccines.
- Brendan Maher
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Spotlight |
The fight against antimicrobial resistance
India is developing local solutions to a global problem that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Bianca Nogrady
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News & Views |
Modified messenger-RNA components alter the encoded protein
Modified components of messenger RNA can cause the protein-production machinery to stall during the process of translation. This might change the protein being made, a finding with implications for vaccines or therapies.
- Nicholas J. Tursi
- & David B. Weiner
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News Feature |
The cancer physician who helped to deliver a life-extending treatment
Thomas Powles’s breakthrough success in treating a deadly bladder cancer could herald the next wave of powerful immunotherapeutic drugs.
- Carissa Wong
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Article |
Inhaled SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for single-dose dry powder aerosol immunization
An inhalable, single-dose dry powder aerosol SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shows good storage stability, results in sustained antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells in the lungs and induces a potent antiviral immune response.
- Tong Ye
- , Zhouguang Jiao
- & Wei Wei
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Article
| Open AccessLung dendritic-cell metabolism underlies susceptibility to viral infection in diabetes
Hyperglycaemia leads to impaired costimulatory molecule expression, antigen transport and T cell priming in distinct lung dendritic cell subsets, driving a defective antiviral adaptive immune response, delayed viral clearance and enhanced mortality.
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- , Aleksandra A. Kolodziejczyk
- & Eran Elinav
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Article |
Base-editing mutagenesis maps alleles to tune human T cell functions
Massive-scale mutational screening across 385 genes reveals a wide spectrum of alleles that govern tunable T cell functions, including cytokine production and cytotoxicity.
- Ralf Schmidt
- , Carl C. Ward
- & Alexander Marson
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News |
‘It’s all gone’: CAR-T therapy forces autoimmune diseases into remission
Engineered immune cells, most commonly used to treat cancers, show their power against lupus and other immune disorders.
- Heidi Ledford
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Article |
Prevention of respiratory virus transmission by resident memory CD8+ T cells
Experiments in a mouse model of natural parainfluenza virus transmission show that tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract have important interferon-γ-dependent roles in protection against and limiting the transmission of viral disease.
- Ida Uddbäck
- , Sarah E. Michalets
- & Jacob E. Kohlmeier
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Article |
An IL-4 signalling axis in bone marrow drives pro-tumorigenic myelopoiesis
Single-cell transcriptomics studies on human and mouse non-small cell lung cancer and conditional knockout mouse models show that IL-4 from bone marrow basophils drives the development of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors to myeloid cells that suppress antitumour immunity.
- Nelson M. LaMarche
- , Samarth Hegde
- & Miriam Merad
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News |
Self-copying RNA vaccine wins first full approval: what’s next?
Researchers look ahead to the potential uses and benefits of a technology that has been more than 20 years in the making.
- Elie Dolgin
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Article
| Open AccessN1-methylpseudouridylation of mRNA causes +1 ribosomal frameshifting
A study demonstrates that nucleotide modifications in mRNA-based therapeutics can lead to +1 ribosomal frameshifting during translation, yielding products that can trigger immune responses.
- Thomas E. Mulroney
- , Tuija Pöyry
- & Anne E. Willis
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Article
| Open AccessDictionary of immune responses to cytokines at single-cell resolution
An extensive global transcriptomics analysis of in vivo responses to 86 cytokines across more than 17 immune cell types reveals enormous complexity of cellular responses to cytokines, providing the basis of the Immune Dictionary and its companion software Immune Response Enrichment Analysis.
- Ang Cui
- , Teddy Huang
- & Nir Hacohen
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Research Highlight |
Tinkering with immune cells gives cancer treatment a boost
Tumours respond more readily to radiation and other therapies in mice without a specific protein in their dendritic cells.
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News & Views |
An immune-cell transcription factor tethers DNA together
A transcription factor in immune cells forms an unexpectedly ladder-like complex with two DNA molecules, allowing the expression of genes that these cells need to suppress harmful immune responses.
- Zhi Liu
- & Ye Zheng
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News Explainer |
Why has swine flu emerged in a person in the UK — and what’s next?
Scientists are closely monitoring a virus that has been detected for the first time in a UK individual.
- Katharine Sanderson
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Article
| Open AccessFOXP3 recognizes microsatellites and bridges DNA through multimerization
FOXP3 uses the forkhead domain to form a higher-order multimer after binding to TnG repeat microsatellites.
- Wenxiang Zhang
- , Fangwei Leng
- & Sun Hur
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Comment |
This is how the world finally ends the HIV/AIDS pandemic
Putting the specific needs of individuals and communities at the heart of HIV/AIDS care, by harnessing behavioural science, is key to building on the progress already been made.
- John Nkengasong
- , Mike Reid
- & Ingrid T. Katz
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News Feature |
These volunteers want to be infected with disease to aid research — will their altruism help?
An advocacy group is pushing for more ‘human challenge’ trials to spur vaccine discovery. Following COVID-19 and Zika studies, hepatitis C could be next.
- Ewen Callaway
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News Explainer |
What’s behind China’s mysterious wave of childhood pneumonia?
Scientists expected a surge in respiratory disease, but what is happening in China is unusual.
- Gemma Conroy
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Article |
Epithelial IFNγ signalling and compartmentalized antigen presentation orchestrate gut immunity
IFNγ signalling in epithelial cells promotes antigen presentation that confers intra-epithelial T cells the ability to limit extracellular ATP and consequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation, controlling pathogenic transformation of CD4+ T cells that promotes colitis and colorectal cancer in mouse models.
- Ankit Malik
- , Deepika Sharma
- & Bana Jabri
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Nature Podcast |
Polio could be eradicated within 3 years — what happens then?
How to ensure polio doesn’t return after eradication, and the space explosion that’s baffling scientists.
- Benjamin Thompson
- & Shamini Bundell
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Article
| Open AccessRepeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting
Exposure to early variants of SARS-CoV-2 results in immune imprinting in mouse models and in humans, reducing neutralizing antibody titres against Omicron variants, which could be mitigated with multiple updated boosters.
- Ayijiang Yisimayi
- , Weiliang Song
- & Yunlong Cao
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Article |
Structural insights into cytokine cleavage by inflammatory caspase-4
The human lipopolysaccharide receptor caspase-4 captures its cytokine substrate pro-IL-18 via a mechanism that is distinct from known caspase–substrate interactions, leading to inflammasome-independent IL-18 release from macrophages.
- Pascal Devant
- , Ying Dong
- & Jonathan C. Kagan
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Article |
Recognition and maturation of IL-18 by caspase-4 noncanonical inflammasome
Activated human caspase-4 directly and efficiently processes IL-18 in vitro and during bacterial infections, cleaving the same tetrapeptide site in pro-IL-18 as caspase-1.
- Xuyan Shi
- , Qichao Sun
- & Feng Shao
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Article |
Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease
A large fraction of patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease develop enamel dystrophy, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against the enamel matrix, which are generated through the breakdown of either central (APS-1) or peripheral (coeliac) tolerance to a battery of ameloblast-sepecific proteins.
- Yael Gruper
- , Anette S. B. Wolff
- & Jakub Abramson
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Research Briefing |
The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 is still neutralized by antibodies in the blood
The spike protein of BA.2.86 — a subvariant of Omicron — has a large number of mutations, and binds to its receptor in host cells with high affinity. Despite these characteristics, BA.2.86 is no more resistant to antibodies from vaccinated individuals than are the dominant variants that are currently in circulation.
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News Feature |
Polio is on the brink of eradication. Here's how to keep it from coming back
The campaign to eradicate polio could succeed in the next few years. But that’s just the beginning of a new challenge — keeping it away.
- Aisling Irwin
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News Explainer |
How wild monkeys ‘laundered’ for science could undermine research
Demand is fuelling an illegal trade. But smuggled monkeys carry diseases that can disrupt experiments and lead to unreliable data.
- Gemma Conroy
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-cell CRISPR screens in vivo map T cell fate regulomes in cancer
Analyses of causal gene regulatory networks have identified key checkpoints mediating the progressive differentiation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, findings that have implications for anticancer immunotherapies such as adoptive cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade.
- Peipei Zhou
- , Hao Shi
- & Hongbo Chi
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Article |
Clostridioides difficile ferrosome organelles combat nutritional immunity
Ferrosome organelles produced by Clostridioides difficile are required to support colonization of the inflamed gut, highlighting the potential of targeting ferrosome formation as an antimicrobial strategy against this important pathogen.
- Hualiang Pi
- , Rong Sun
- & Eric P. Skaar
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Editorial |
Brain and body are more intertwined than we knew
A host of disorders once thought to be nothing to do with the brain are, in fact, tightly coupled to nervous-system activity.
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Perspective |
The power and potential of mitochondria transfer
The mechanisms by which mitochondria are transferred between cells and how intercellular mitochondria transfer regulates physiological processes and disease pathogenesis are discussed.
- Nicholas Borcherding
- & Jonathan R. Brestoff
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Article
| Open AccessTargeting of intracellular oncoproteins with peptide-centric CARs
Peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (PC-CARs) provide a platform to address the challenges involved in targeting intracellular oncoproteins, and PC-CARs based on the neuroblastoma-dependency gene PHOX2B induce elimination of aggressive tumors.
- Mark Yarmarkovich
- , Quinlen F. Marshall
- & John M. Maris
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Article |
Latent human herpesvirus 6 is reactivated in CAR T cells
Genomics analyses reveal that in vitro culture of CAR T cells can lead to reactivation of a latent herpesvirus, which might be involved in complications in patients receiving associated cell therapies.
- Caleb A. Lareau
- , Yajie Yin
- & Ansuman T. Satpathy
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Article
| Open AccessAutoantibodies against type I IFNs in humans with alternative NF-κB pathway deficiency
Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases
- Tom Le Voyer
- , Audrey V. Parent
- & Anne Puel
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