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| Open AccessErratic and blood vessel-guided migration of astrocyte progenitors in the cerebral cortex
During development, astrocytes are generated from radial glia, and migrate to the cortical plate, but the process of astrocyte migration during development is not fully understood. Here the authors labelled cells derived from the cortical ventricular zone in the late stages of cortical plate development in mice, and identified a migration mode in which cells move rapidly and almost at random within the intermediate zone and the cortical plate.
- Hidenori Tabata
- , Megumi Sasaki
- & Kazunori Nakajima
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Article
| Open AccessTen-eleven translocation 1 mediated-DNA hydroxymethylation is required for myelination and remyelination in the mouse brain
Myelin formation is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and ensures proper neuronal function during development and after demyelination. Here, the authors show that TET1, a DNA hydroxymethylase, regulates myelination during development and remyelination in mice.
- Ming Zhang
- , Jian Wang
- & Xianghui Zhao
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| Open AccessDistinct oligodendrocyte populations have spatial preference and different responses to spinal cord injury
The oligodendrocyte lineage is known for its transcriptional heterogeneity, but the functional consequences of this are unclear. Here, the authors show that distinct populations of mature oligodendrocytes have spatial preferences in the brain and spinal cord and show different responses to spinal cord injury.
- Elisa M. Floriddia
- , Tânia Lourenço
- & Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
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| Open AccessMyelination of parvalbumin interneurons shapes the function of cortical sensory inhibitory circuits
Myelination optimizes conduction speed of excitatory neurons. However, whether myelination of interneurons (INs) refines cortical networks is unclear. Here, the authors show that INs myelination shapes feedforward inhibition of mouse cortical sensory circuits and impacts whisker-mediated behaviour.
- Najate Benamer
- , Marie Vidal
- & María Cecilia Angulo
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| Open AccessMicroglial activation increases cocaine self-administration following adolescent nicotine exposure
Adolescents are particularly sensitive to nicotine. Here the authors show that in mice, microglial activation contributes to the enhanced sensitivity to cocaine caused by nicotine exposure in young mice.
- K. E. Linker
- , M. Gad
- & F. M. Leslie
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| Open AccessCortical astrocytes develop in a plastic manner at both clonal and cellular levels
Previous studies on astrocyte development have led to controversial results due to a lack of pertinent tools. Here, authors analyze large numbers of astrocyte clones generated by nearby cortical progenitors using the MAGIC Markers strategy and ChroMS 3D imaging, and show that clonally-related astrocytes organize in a non-stereotyped manner and that cortical astrocyte subtypes are not intrinsically specified.
- Solène Clavreul
- , Lamiae Abdeladim
- & Karine Loulier
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| Open AccessPioneer axons employ Cajal’s battering ram to enter the spinal cord
The fundamental mechanism of how sensory axons traverse a spinal cord glia limitans remains debatable, with some suggesting a role for boundary cap cells at the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). Here, authors use time-lapse imaging of DRG axons at the DREZ to show that pioneer axons enter the DREZ before the presence of boundary cap cells, and that this entry is critically dependent on the development of actin-rich invasion structures reminiscent of invadopodia.
- Ev L. Nichols
- & Cody J. Smith
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| Open AccessThe sulfite oxidase Shopper controls neuronal activity by regulating glutamate homeostasis in Drosophila ensheathing glia
In Drosophila, ensheathing glia encase the neuropil but their function is not well understood. Here the authors show a surprising role of ensheathing glia in regulating glutamate homeostasis and locomotion which is controlled by the sulfite oxidase Shopper.
- Nils Otto
- , Zvonimir Marelja
- & Christian Klämbt
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrative genomics of microglia implicates DLG4 (PSD95) in the white matter development of preterm infants
Inflammation mediated by microglia plays a key role in brain injury associated with preterm birth, but little is known about the microglial response in preterm infants. Here, the authors integrate molecular and imaging data from animal models and preterm infants, and find that microglial expression of DLG4 plays a role.
- Michelle L. Krishnan
- , Juliette Van Steenwinckel
- & Pierre Gressens
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| Open AccessA reciprocal regulatory loop between TAZ/YAP and G-protein Gαs regulates Schwann cell proliferation and myelination
The Hippo pathway has recently been implicated in Schwann cell (SC) development and myelination. Here the authors reveal mechanistic insights into how TAZ and YAP regulate and interact with target genes; they further identify a negative feedback loop between TAZ/YAP and G protein Gαs that balances SC proliferation and differentiation.
- Yaqi Deng
- , Lai Man Natalie Wu
- & Q. Richard Lu
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Prion-like transmission of neuronal huntingtin aggregates to phagocytic glia in the Drosophila brain
Phagocytic glia can internalize protein aggregates in vitro. Here Pearce et al. show in Drosophila that glia clear mutant huntingtin (Htt) aggregates in a scavenger receptor Draper-dependent manner in vivo, and that internalized Htt aggregates induce the prion-like conversion of wild-type Htt expressed in the glial cytoplasm.
- Margaret M. P. Pearce
- , Ellen J. Spartz
- & Ron R. Kopito
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| Open AccessAmplification of progenitors in the mammalian telencephalon includes a new radial glial cell type
Amplification of neural progenitor cells mediates expansion of brain regions. Using imaging of progenitor cell amplification in the mouse ventral forebrain, the authors identify a new progenitor type with high frequency, which they also show to be present in expanded brain regions of other species.
- Gregor-Alexander Pilz
- , Atsunori Shitamukai
- & Magdalena Götz
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| Open AccessLck tyrosine kinase mediates β1-integrin signalling to regulate Schwann cell migration and myelination
Schwan cells ensheath and insulate axons, enabling efficient transmission of action potentials. Ness and colleagues study the role of the kinase Lck in Schwan cells, and find that Lck signalling regulates cell migration, axonal sorting and myelin thickness.
- Jennifer K. Ness
- , Kristin M. Snyder
- & Nikos Tapinos
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Mitotic spindle orientation predicts outer radial glial cell generation in human neocortex
Human neocortex expansion is partly due to neuronal production by outer radial glial cells. In the developing human cortex, LaMonica et al. find that horizontal divisions of ventricular radial glial cells produce outer radial glial cells displaying cell-intrinsic regulation of mitosis and spindle orientation.
- Bridget E. LaMonica
- , Jan H. Lui
- & Arnold R. Kriegstein