Research Highlight |
Featured
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Review Article |
Assessing disease progression and treatment response in progressive multiple sclerosis
The approval of therapies for progressive multiple sclerosis has heightened the need for thorough assessment of disease progression and treatment response. This Review provides a comprehensive summary of available and emerging techniques, including advanced imaging, fluid biomarkers and patient-reported outcomes, highlighting their combined use for the accurate assessment of disease.
- Giancarlo Comi
- , Gloria Dalla Costa
- & Letizia Leocani
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Expert Recommendation |
The influence of MOGAD on diagnosis of multiple sclerosis using MRI
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that is distinct from multiple sclerosis but shares some of its characteristics. This Expert Recommendation, based on a Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS workshop, proposes a diagnostic algorithm for the differential diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease and multiple sclerosis, using serological, imaging and clinical features.
- Ruth Geraldes
- , Georgina Arrambide
- & Jacqueline Palace
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Research Highlight |
BTK inhibitor falters in multiple sclerosis trials
Findings of phase III trials of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor evobrutinib in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis were recently presented at the ACTRIMS Forum.
- Heather Wood
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Research Highlight |
EBV-specific T cells in multiple sclerosis
New data recently reported at the ACTRIMS Forum add to growing evidence of an aetiological role for Epstein–Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis.
- Heather Wood
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In Brief |
Mitochondrial DNA marks multiple sclerosis
Mitochondrial DNA has been identified as a potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis disease activity and treatment response.
- Ian Fyfe
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Research Highlight |
T cells implicate Epstein–Barr virus in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis
T cells that are specific for B cells infected with Epstein–Barr virus are enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with early multiple sclerosis, according to new research.
- Ian Fyfe
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Research Highlight |
Rapid AQP4-IgG detection in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Researchers in China and South Korea have developed a rapid immunodot assay to detect aquaporin 4-targeting IgG autoantibodies in the serum of individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
- Heather Wood
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News & Views |
New consensus guidelines on vaccination in multiple sclerosis
The European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) joint consensus statement on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis provides highly relevant clinical guidance on immunization strategies in today’s era of effective immunotherapies. Nevertheless, several open questions remain to be addressed.
- Uwe K. Zettl
- & Paulus S. Rommer
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Review Article |
Implications of immunometabolism for smouldering MS pathology and therapy
Smouldering inflammation encompasses all non-relapsing aspects of inflammatory pathobiology in multiple sclerosis. Here, Bittner and colleagues describe the mechanisms that underlie CNS-compartmentalized smouldering inflammation and review evidence indicating that immunometabolic reprogramming driven by the CNS tissue microenvironment shapes these inflammatory responses. Potential treatments are also discussed.
- Stefan Bittner
- , Katrin Pape
- & Frauke Zipp
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Research Highlight |
Myelin damage links brain ageing to amyloid-β deposition
Loss of myelin integrity, which occurs during ageing, promotes deposition of amyloid-β in the brain, according to new research.
- Heather Wood
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Review Article |
Origins and immunopathogenesis of autoimmune central nervous system disorders
This article reviews key pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of CNS autoimmunity, focusing on the role of autoantibodies that target neuronal and/or glial cell-surface antigens. The authors consider novel therapeutic approaches based on knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune CNS disorders.
- Sudarshini Ramanathan
- , Fabienne Brilot
- & Russell C. Dale
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Research Highlight |
Distinct oligodendrocyte states associated with disease
Three oligodendrocyte activation states associated with neurodegenerative disease have been identified in new work.
- Ian Fyfe
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Research Highlight |
Insights into the molecular pathways of progressive multiple sclerosis
Molecular pathways involved in early neurodegeneration in progressive multiple sclerosis have been identified with a novel tissue analysis technique.
- Ian Fyfe
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Research Highlight |
Ageing reduces potential for remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Drug-enhanced remyelination in people with multiple sclerosis is less efficient in older individuals, new analysis shows.
- Ian Fyfe
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Research Highlight |
Slowly expanding lesions are linked to multiple sclerosis progression
- Heather Wood
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Research Highlight |
Twin study probes non-heritable immune aspects of multiple sclerosis
- Heather Wood
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Review Article |
Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders
In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the evidence regarding the use of blood levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker in a range of neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease.
- Ahmed Abdelhak
- , Matteo Foschi
- & Hayrettin Tumani
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Research Highlight |
Brain imaging illuminates cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
- Heather Wood
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Review Article |
Hope for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders — from mechanisms to trials
Clinical trials have led to the approval of new targeted therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. In this Review, Pittock et al. discuss the pathophysiological rationale for these drugs, the methodology and outcomes of the trials, and their implications for clinical practice.
- Sean J. Pittock
- , Anastasia Zekeridou
- & Brian G. Weinshenker
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In Brief |
Microglial changes associated with meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis
- Heather Wood
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Perspective |
Standardization and digitization of clinical data in multiple sclerosis
New tools are being developed for the standardization and digitization of clinical data from patients with multiple sclerosis. In this Perspective, D’Souza and colleagues address the multifaceted impact of these tools on patient care and highlight the challenges and opportunities they create.
- Marcus D’Souza
- , Athina Papadopoulou
- & Ludwig Kappos
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Review Article |
Nodes of Ranvier during development and repair in the CNS
Nodes of Ranvier are unmyelinated domains that enable fast saltatory propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons. This Review describes the organization and function of CNS nodes of Ranvier and considers how these nodes change in demyelinating and remyelinating disorders.
- Catherine Lubetzki
- , Nathalie Sol-Foulon
- & Anne Desmazières
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Research Highlight |
NLRP3 inflammasome activity as biomarker for primary progressive multiple sclerosis
- Sarah Lemprière
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Consensus Statement
| Open Access
MAGNIMS consensus recommendations on the use of brain and spinal cord atrophy measures in clinical practice
In this Consensus statement, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS (MAGNIMS) study group reviews the application of brain and spinal cord atrophy in clinical practice in the management of MS and makes consensus statements and recommendations for future research.
- Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- , Deborah Pareto
- & Àlex Rovira
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News & Views |
Mounting evidence for a multiple sclerosis prodrome
A new study provides direct biological evidence for a prodromal phase of multiple sclerosis (MS), with implications for studying disease aetiology and underscoring the limitations of therapies that solely target inflammation. The findings also suggest an opportunity to apply secondary prevention strategies at the very earliest stages of the disease.
- Ruth Ann Marrie
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Perspective |
Immune reconstitution therapies: concepts for durable remission in multiple sclerosis
In this Perspectives article, Jan Lünemann and colleagues discuss the potential of immune reconstitution therapies to induce remission in individuals with multiple sclerosis. They highlight our limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying this remission and suggest future areas of research.
- Jan D. Lünemann
- , Tobias Ruck
- & Heinz Wiendl
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Review Article |
When encephalitogenic T cells collaborate with microglia in multiple sclerosis
In this Review, Dong and Yong summarize the mechanisms and consequences of T cell–microglia interactions in multiple sclerosis, discuss therapeutic approaches that affect these interactions and consider the challenges of translating preclinical knowledge in this area to humans.
- Yifei Dong
- & V. Wee Yong
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In Brief |
The central vein sign as a clinical diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis
- Sarah Lemprière
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Review Article |
Chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis — seeing what was always there
In this Review, Matthews considers how advanced imaging techniques are enabling in vivo visualization of chronic CNS inflammation in multiple sclerosis that has previously been identified in histopathological studies.
- Paul M. Matthews
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Comment |
Trials and therapies in secondary progressive MS, simplified
The FDA approvals of siponimod and cladribine for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis raise questions about the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis phenotypes and their applicability to clinical trials. A simpler classification for the disease could be the answer.
- Navid Manouchehri
- & Olaf Stüve
Clues to prognosis in multiple sclerosis found in the blood
Vitamin B3 promotes remyelination