CD4-positive T cells articles from across Nature Portfolio

Graft-versus-Host disease is a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and is ameliorated by adoptively transferred donor regulatory T cells. Here, the authors apply transcriptomic and TCR profiling to assess regulatory T cell organ-specific adaptation in murine bone marrow transplantation models.

A study in mice to identify mechanisms through which a mucosal Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccine elicits Th17 tissue resident memory cells in the lungs reveals a major role for IL-1a signaling and highlights the utility of IL-1a as a mucosal adjuvant.

Kratchmarov et al. identified a GATA3⁺ T_H2 population that expresses the transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1 and sustains type 2 inflammation in tissues over a human lifetime, despite chronic antigen exposure.

Faecal microbiome transplant has been shown to be able to reduce Clostridioides difficile infection. Here the authors show that an intestinal commensal protozoan reduces C. difficile infection by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and affecting arginine-ornithine metabolism.

Loss of function mutation studies has provided insights into regulatory T-cell biology. Here Cardinez et al explore the effects of a murine Ikbkb (IKK2) gain of function model and show IKK2 activity results in the expansion of regulatory T cells with partial effector function and suggest an IKK2 dose-dependent relation between psoriatic immunopathology and psoriatic arthritis.

Tph1 subset expresses IL21 to show B cell helper function, while Tph2 subset expresses high levels of cytotoxicity-related molecules and low IL21. Tph1 and Tph2 subsets exert distinct immunological functions in the clinical manifestations in SLE.

Visceral adipose tissue hosts at least two populations of mature FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells, which together can preserve systemic metabolism and control inflammation.

Intratumoral regulatory T (T_reg) cells can suppress antitumor immunity. Unlike in splenic T_reg cells, the H3K9me2 demethylase JMDJ1 seems to be induced, and is required for this function, in the tumor microenvironment, and targeting it with a small-molecule inhibitor can suppress tumor growth in mice.

Regulatory T cells have pathological roles in driving fibrosis and insulin resistance in the setting of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.