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CD28 signaling motifs are sequestered within the membrane via interactions with phospholipids. TCR activation increases the local Ca2+ concentration, which disrupts CD28-lipid interactions.
Histone H3 lysine 14 is propionylated and butyrylated in vivo in a metabolic-state-dependent manner and these modifications promote high levels of transcription.
Histone variant macroH2A1.1 inhibits PARP activity to maintain mitochondrial NAD+ pools in muscle cells, thus linking chromatin state to optimal energy metabolism.
Combined structural and microscopy approaches provide a model for how CAMSAP proteins recognize microtubule minus ends through their conserved CCK domains and protect microtubules from depolymerizing kinesin-13.
Analysis of the 3D genomic organization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe during the cell cycle reveals that condensin mediates formation of large domains that serve as chromosomal compaction units, whereas cohesin forms smaller, more stable domains.
Crystal structures and functional assays of a chimeric GABAA receptor in apo and pregnanolone-bound states reveal how neurosteroid binding alters receptor conformation to modulate channel opening.
Genome-wide analyses of the effects of U1 snRNP inhibition in human cells shows that telescripting suppresses premature cleavage and polyadenylation in long introns to sustain expression of large genes important for cell cycle and development.
Crystal structures of a chimeric GABAA receptor define new allosteric binding sites for inhibitory and potentiating neurosteroids within the α subunit transmembrane domain.
The near-atomic structure of the Chaetomium thermophilum 90S preribosome explains how assembly factors and pre-rRNA guide folding of pre-40S domains and suggests a proofreading model for the 90S–pre-40S transition.
The structure of zebrafish DUB USP30 in complex with a Lys6-linked diUb, along with biochemistry analyses, reveals the basis for Lys6-linkage specificity.
Structural and biochemical analyses of human USP30 explain the basis of Lys6-linkage preference and regulation by PINK1 and Parkin, shedding light onto how USP30 can act as a brake on mitophagy.
NMR spectroscopy analyses of the Abl regulatory module (RM), which tunes Abl kinase activity, explain the mechanism of certain RM-located drug-resistance mutations.
The 3.8-Å cryo-EM structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae small-subunit processome in a state that precedes pre-rRNA cleavage at site A1 provides an essentially complete near-atomic model of this assembly.
Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography to determine the mammalian RNA Pol II–DSIF complex structure maps DSIF's polymerase, DNA-template and transcript contacts that facilitate transcription elongation.
Cryo-EM structures of two late-stage assembly intermediates of the human mitoribosomal large subunit reveal the timing of rRNA folding and protein incorporation during the final steps of ribosomal maturation and identify two new assembly factors.
Crystal structures of unprocessed and mature crRNA-bound LbaCas13a shed light upon catalytic residues involved in crRNA maturation and mechanisms blocking Cas13a nuclease activity before target-RNA binding.
In vitro and in vivo data show that ER protein CNPY2 initiates the PERK–CHOP signaling pathway to trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) and contributes to hepatic steatosis.
The lncRNA NEAT1, a key component of paraspeckles, interacts with RNA-binding proteins, including NONO and PSF, and affects global pri-miRNA processing by recruiting the Drosha–DGCR8 Microprocessor.
A Shaker Kv-channel V478W mutant shows enhanced C-type inactivation with disruption of the outermost K+ site in the selectivity filter (IS1). The crystal structure of Kv1.2-2.1 bearing the equivalent mutation reveals an empty IS1.
p53 oscillations in response to DNA damage lead to oscillatory p53 DNA-binding dynamics, whereas post-transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for the differences in gene expression dynamics.