Review Articles in 2022

In this Review, the authors discuss how various immunotherapies for neuroimmunological diseases interact with vaccination responses, including responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and the implications for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with these diseases.

Consensus is growing that intervention in the very early stages of Alzheimer disease is necessary for disease modification. Here, the authors discuss the challenges of recruiting asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic participants for clinical trials, focusing on ‘trial-ready’ cohorts as a potential solution.

In this Review, the authors highlight the growing recognition that disruptions in cellular metabolism can be both a cause and a consequence of epileptic seizures and discuss how this emerging science might be exploited to develop innovative therapeutic strategies.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the few neuropsychiatric disorders for which the timing and cause of onset are understood, facilitating research into the underlying mechanisms. In this Review, Ressler and colleagues examine the neurobiology of PTSD, highlighting new insights from omics studies and discussing future directions of research.

In this Review, the authors discuss recessive ataxias with ganglionopathy or polyneuropathy — particularly Friedreich ataxia and RFC1-associated cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome — including the possible shared pathogenic mechanisms between these diseases and therapeutic advances.

Some individuals accumulate high levels of Alzheimer disease neuropathological changes without showing symptoms of the disease. Here, the authors review the insights that have been gained from post mortem studies of such ‘resilient’ individuals and discuss the implications for risk prediction and the development of therapeutic interventions.

Glioblastoma is one of the most treatment-resistant CNS malignancies, and the tumour inevitably recurs, usually in or near the resection cavity. Here, the authors discuss local therapies for glioblastoma, examining treatment of the resection cavity and other direct approaches to the tumour.

In this Review, the authors discuss the involvement of astrocytes and microglia in the pathophysiology of progressive multiple sclerosis and consider current and future therapeutic approaches that directly target glial cells.

In vivo imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of Parkinson disease (PD) are important for the development of new therapies. The authors review recent advances in brain and retinal imaging in PD, focusing particularly on multimodal approaches with applications at the prodromal stage.

In this Review, Schagen and colleagues discuss recent insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment that occurs after cancer treatment. The authors also discuss the steps necessary to develop restorative and preventive interventions for such impairment and provide recommendations for clinical care.

In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the evidence regarding the use of blood levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker in a range of neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease.

In this Review, Fisher and Savitz consider how the era of reperfusion therapy in ischaemic stroke provides new hope for the development of cytoprotective therapies to further improve outcomes, highlighting how promising recent findings can be built on to benefit patients.

In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the clinical and pathological features of diseases caused by CGG trinucleotide repeat expansions, and propose that they represent a single underlying neuromyodegenerative syndrome with gene-dependent manifestations.

In this Review, the authors give an overview of the genetics of common small vessel disease, and provide insights into causal genes and the biological pathways involved, the overlap with monogenic small vessel disease, and the therapeutic implications of these factors.

Psychosis is a common symptom of Alzheimer disease (AD) and few treatments are available. In this Review, the authors describe the main features of psychosis in AD and other dementias and consider how recent mechanistic insights are informing new treatment approaches.