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In recent years, genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variants as risk factors for schizophrenia. Sullivan et al. describe our current understanding of the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia and consider how the genomic findings can be interrogated to boost our understanding of the neurobiology of the disorder.
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 in nociceptors exacerbates inflammation in psoriasis by inducing the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from these neurons.
A new modelling method developed in male Drosophila melanogaster maps how populations of neurons transform visual stimuli into courtship behaviours without recording neural activity.
The maladaptive reward learning associated with morphine administration is shown here to be mediated by changes in dopamine-release dynamics in reward circuitry resulting from increased myelination specifically in the ventral tegmental area.
Central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glial cells are generated by both direct and indirect neurogenesis. In this Review, Thor outlines the landscape of indirect neurogenesis during CNS development in key species, including humans, and describes the main genetic mechanisms that contribute to its region-specific, neural progenitor cell-specific and temporal control.
There are a number of models that have attempted to explain why people with Parkinson disease move slowly. In this Perspective, Williams identifies the inconsistencies in these models and suggests that these may be addressed by a different model that considers disordered information transmission as fundamental to slow movement development.
The prefrontal cortex is critical for working memory, over a timescale of seconds. In this Review, Miller and Constantinidis examine how the prefrontal cortex facilitates the integration of memory systems across other timescales as well. In this framework of prefrontal learning, short-term memory and long-term memory interact to serve goal-directed behaviour.
Recent advances in the development of gene therapy tools provide hope that these approaches might modulate the altered gene expression that characterizes many CNS disorders. Gao et al. provide an overview of current gene therapy strategies, highlighting the interdependence of therapeutic modality, delivery vehicle and administration route for translational success.
Sabine Krabbe describes a 1993 study of classical conditioning in the honeybee that provided early insights into the mechanisms of predictive learning.
In this Journal Club, Izumi Fukunaga discusses John Hopfield’s 1995 paper, which proposed a mechanism by which a continuously variable sensory stimulus can be transformed into a timing-based code.
The detection, discrimination and categorization of odours are essential for survival across the animal kingdom. In this Review, Datta and co-workers describe and compare the neural circuits that mediate the processing of olfactory information and the key principles of olfactory coding in insects and mammals.