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The mechanism of epigenetic modification of primed immune genes during β-glucan-induced trained immunity is shown to involve the function of the long non-coding RNA UMLILO within topologically associating domains of chromosome loops.
Probiotic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus can protect from bone loss by enhancing levels of butyrate, which leads to the expansion of regulatory T cells. These stimulate CD8+ T cells to secrete WNT10b, a bone anabolic factor.
A combination of radiotherapy and anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade in anti-CTLA4 unresponsive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer induced systemic T cell responses in some patients, likely through radiotherapy-induced upregulation of neoantigens.
Uptake of apoptotic cell corpses by phagocytes requires the coordinated activity of SLC family membrane transporters to meet the metabolic demands of anti-inflammatory dead cell clearance.
Nanoparticles designed to prevent training of myeloid cells infiltrating allografts can promote long-term transplant acceptance and immunological tolerance.
Eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F is identified as an upstream regulator of PD-L1 expression and is therefore a promising target for immunotherapy.
Using spiky microparticles, the authors show that physical cues, such as topological features on the surface of a pathogen, can trigger an immune response by exerting mechanical stress on immune cells.
The long non-coding RNA NKILA sensitizes antitumour T cells to activation-induced cell death. Targeting this pathway can improve adoptive T cell therapy for cancer.
Besides cholesterol lowering, statins boost antigen presentation and adaptive immune responses, suggesting new uses as adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy.