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Characterization of air and soil microbial communities above and within an Antarctic valley revealed that airborne inputs to the system cannot fully explain local soil diversity and that fungi were sourced from a larger regional pool compared to bacteria, indicating limited microbial dispersal in this region.
Interferometric scattering microscopy enables the imaging of type IV pili extension, attachment, retraction and detachment dynamics, highlighting how the retraction motor PilT and its partner ATPase PilU coordinate their activities during twitching motility.
The Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin, thermostable direct haemolysin, utilizes secretion by both type II and type III secretion systems to induce virulence traits.
Selenoproteins—proteins that contain the twenty-first amino acid selenocysteine—were previously thought to be lacking in fungi. Analysis of genomes from early-branching fungal phyla identified selenocysteine machinery and selenoproteins, indicating that these proteins are present in all kingdoms of life.
During Toxoplasma gondii infection, diacylglycerol kinase 2 is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole, leading to the production of phosphatidic acid, which is sensed by an atypical guanylate cyclase in the parasite plasma membrane, triggering egress from the host cell.
A member of the importin-β protein family, transportin 1, binds to influenza A virus matrix protein M1 and promotes its removal from the viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), enabling disassembly of vRNP bundles, vRNP interaction with importin-α/β and entry into the nucleus.
Classically, peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis was thought to be mediated solely by class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and related enzymes, a view changed by the identification of RodA as a PG polymerase. Now FtsW is also shown to polymerize PG, in a process that requires complex formation with a partner class B PBP.
Genome sequencing of fractionated T-, B- and natural killer cells from patients with chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection sheds light on the nature of the EBV-infected progenitor and suggests a link between intragenic EBV deletions and EBV-associated neoplastic proliferations.
Měnglà virus (MLAV) is a phylogenetically distinct bat filovirus, whose genome shares 32–54% nucleotide sequence identity with known filoviruses. MLAV glycoprotein-typed pseudo-types can transduce cell lines derived from humans, monkeys, dogs, hamsters and bats.
The development of mobile CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), a modular dCas9-based system that facilitates blocking of gene expression and is easily transferred via conjugation, enables genetic investigations in non-model bacteria.
The non-structural protein NSs of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus interacts with ABIN2 and promotes formation and signalling of the TPL2–ABIN2–p105 kinase complex to induce expression of the immune-suppressive cytokine IL-10 and enhance viral pathogenesis.