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Here, the authors apply quantitative microbiome profiling to a metagenomics data set comprising patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and/or inflammatory bowel disease and identify microbial taxa associated with inflammation or specific disease indicators, which were validated in an independent inflammatory bowel disease cohort.
Heteroresistance to multiple antibiotics is prevalent across carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates, but drug combinations that exploit multiple heteroresistance can be used to effectively treat multidrug-resistant infections.
The crystal structure of a complex between the tail fibre and tail fibre assembly (Tfa) protein of Escherichia coli phage Mu reveals the mechanisms by which Tfa regulates fibre assembly and multimerization.
Regulator of Chromosome Segregation (RocS) is a membrane-bound protein that interacts with DNA, the chromosome partitioning protein ParB and the cell division regulator FtsZ to coordinate cell constriction and chromosome segregation in dividing Streptococcus pneumoniae cells.
Using a multi-omics approach, together with imaging analyses, the authors characterize the two intracellular bacterial symbionts of Trichoplax, one of the simplest animals.
Fusarium oxysporum is capable of autocrine signalling—that is, the same cell can express both a- and α-factor pheromones and both cognate receptors—which impacts spore germination.
Mobile tet(X3) and tet(X4) genes are identified on conjugative plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter isolated from humans, meat for consumption and animals that confer resistance to tetracyclines, including tigecycline, eravacycline and omadacycline.
A combination of microfluidic devices, transcriptomic analyses and reporter strains shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates gene expression in response to shear flow. This process, termed rheosensing, does not require known surface sensors and is regulated by the alternative sigma factor FroR.
Here, the authors identify a mutualistic symbiosis between a non-motile, magnetic deltaproteobacterium and a protist, resulting in eukaryotic magnetoreception in marine anoxic sediments.
Using a short-hairpin RNA-based depletion strategy coupled with high throughput RNA sequencing, the authors unravel a layer of intrinsic immunity to positive-strand RNA viruses in immortalized hepatocytes that relies on basal expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 1 maintaining the transcription of a suite of antiviral genes.
A genome-wide CRISPR interference screen of the fast-growing Vibrio natriegens bacterium elucidates the make-up of minimal genomes and the metabolic pathways enabling rapid bacterial replication.
This study highlights the impact of the gut virome on host immunity by showing that a specific strain of murine astrovirus in the gut of immunodeficient mice protects them against norovirus and rotavirus infections, and that this protection depends on interferon-λ signalling in gut epithelial cells.
Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing-deficient mutants form compact biofilms during infection that resist attack by phagocytes and confer enhanced immune evasion.
A comparative analysis of Asgard archaea genomes elucidates their metabolic potential and leads to the proposal of a revised ‘aerobic protoeukaryotes’ model for the origin of the eukaryotic cell.
Strain-level analysis of gut and oral microbiomes from individuals living in the Fiji Islands identified shared genomes particularly within households, indicating potential microbial transmission within social networks.
A combination of genetic analyses of Anopheles species across sub-Saharan Africa, time-series quantification of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in mosquitoes and Granger causality statistical testing reveals that changes in the genetic structure of a population over short ecological timescales drive Plasmodium dynamics in nature.
Using a small interfering RNA-based library screening in interferon-treated cells, the authors identified human tripartite-containing motif 5α as potent restriction factor that inhibits HIV-1 DNA synthesis and infection in a capsid- and immunoproteasome-dependent manner.
CRISPR spacers can recombine with phage target sequences to mediate a form of specialized transduction that can promote transfer of CRISPR elements to other bacteria in the population.
A yeast surface display screen identifies five Aedes aegypti salivary proteins that are antigenic in mice repeatedly bitten by these mosquitoes. Antiserum against one of these proteins, Anopheles gambiae bacteria-responsive 1, partially protected mice against lethal mosquito-borne Zika virus infection.
A metagenome-based survey of archaeal genomes encoding methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR)—a key enzyme for methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation—reveals that MCR-based metabolism is common and diverse in archaea, and may be coupled to dissimilatory sulfate reduction in single organisms.