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Ravichandran et al. performed a systems immunology study to profile the responses to pneumococcal vaccines in older adults. They identified distinct baseline features that could capture responses to Prevnar and Pneumovax and sex-biased differences in Prevnar responses.
Gao and colleagues report a structure-guided chimeric antigen based on the A35 and M1 antigens of the mpox virus (MPXV) that induces strong MPXV-specific antibody responses and protection against lethal doses of vaccinia virus in mice.
Ikaros, Helios and Aiolos are transcription factors involved in lymphocyte development. Here the authors dissect the regulatory role of these Ikaros family members to understand their contribution to NK cell development and functions.
Carnosine is a mobile buffering metabolite. Here the authors link carnosine accumulation, hypoxia and intracellular pH homeostasis in cancer cells as a mechanism of tumor immune evasion via NFX1 degradation and galectin-9 activity.
Sagar and colleagues provide a comprehensive single-cell multimodal landscape of γδ T cells in various mouse tissues, unveiling site-specific adaptations and highlighting key tissue residency features of γδ T cells.
Anrather and colleagues provide a longitudinal single-cell transcriptomic atlas of brain and mouse blood following stroke, describing brain-infiltrating leukocytes, circulating leukocytes, microglia and endothelium diversity over the ischemic–reperfusion time
Terminally differentiated plasma cells reside in multiple tissues to contribute to local immunity. Nutt and colleagues examined tissue-specific differences in long-lived plasma cell lifespan and function, identifying unique transcriptional attributes in addition to the core plasma cell program.
Lenardo and colleagues identify a new human genetic disease, GISELL, whereby ceramide lipid homeostasis is disrupted, thereby altering T cell longevity. Deficiency of GTPase of the immunity-associated protein 5 (GIMAP5) in patients leads to cellular senescence, immunodeficiency and early mortality.
Löhning and colleagues identify an alternative promoter for the Il1rl1 gene that drives IL-33 receptor expression in cytotoxic T cells and T-helper 1 cells
TCF1+ ‘stem-like’ CD4+ T cells have a capacity for self-renewal and effector differentiation when required. Here the authors show how these stem-like T cells mediate allograft rejection via the replenishment of their effector differentiation.
Randolph and colleagues analyze the immune cells in the human and mouse peritoneum and show that the major populations of serous cavity-resident macrophages in humans and mice represent distinct differentiation stages of an overlapping differentiation program.
Wang and colleagues revealed how oleic acid produced by thymic epithelial cells could affect the developing thymocytes to differentiate into peripheral regulatory T cells.
Koelle and colleagues use an activation marker-dependent approach to determine the recruitment of TCR by three doses of mRNA vaccination in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Colonna and colleagues show that the transcription factor Aiolos controls chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation at genes linked to the activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Cyster and colleagues show that CD97–CD55 interactions, which trigger Gα13–ARHGEF–Rho cytoskeletal signaling, are needed for proper MZ B cell positioning/retention in the spleen and for optimal antibody responses to T cell-independent antigens.
Pulendran and colleagues delineated the mechanisms underlying the nonspecific antiviral effects exerted by the BCG vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and reveal a pivotal role for BCG-specific CD4+ T cells that produce interferon-γ in imprinting a persistent antiviral innate program in the lung, mediating heterologous viral protection.
Here, the authors show that combining γ9δ2 TCR-mediated metabolic and co-stimulatory stress targeting by chimeric NKG2D or anti-CD277 co-receptors shapes transcriptomic heterogeneity of engineered T cells and is associated with improved control of solid tumors.
Sharpe and colleagues devise a conditional gene deletion model in mice for rapid sequential, combinatorial and lineage-specific interrogation of gene function in hematopoietic cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to make chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages for immunotherapy. Here the authors design a second-generation macrophage-specific CAR by integrating CD3ζ and toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains resulting in an M1-polarized CAR-iMAC with increased antitumor functions.
Wu and colleagues identify gene networks and transcription factors that control the differentiation of stem-like CD8+ CAR T cells into effector or exhausted CD8+ CAR T cells.