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Cytokines have context-dependent roles that dictate their normal physiological function; however, dysregulation or chronic activation of cytokine pathways can alter tissue balance away from a return to homeostatic quiescence toward disease-associated immunopathology.
Adaptive behaviors in hematopoietic cells can promote homeostasis and enhance immune responses to pathogens, but they can also perpetuate the chronicity of inflammatory or metabolic disorders.