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Mu-ming Poo and colleagues study signaling pathways involved in the turning of axonal growth cones. They find that myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) mediates a repulsive response of the growth cone by signaling through both the Nogo receptor and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. The background image shows a section of monkey dorsal root ganglion, traversed by a myelin-containing neuronal tract. In the foreground image, intracellular calcium rises in a Xenopus axon growth cone as it is repelled by a gradient of MAG. See page 1302.
Human neural stem cells could be used to treat many diseases, but a major problem with this approach is that these cells give rise to few neurons in the brain. Now a new priming method increases production of neurons after implantation, including the elusive cholinergic neurons.
A new approach to analyzing the responses of V4 cortical neurons to objects suggests how the brain could represent a wide variety of shapes with a limited number of components.
How much computation can one neuron do? A paper in Nature provides direct evidence that multiplication of two sensory variables may be instantiated at the single-cell level.