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Quantitative proteomics analyses show the importance of selective autophagy in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remodelling across neuronal subcompartments and decode the substrate selectivity of ER-phagy receptors during in vitro neurogenesis.
In this piece, I share a personal encounter that underscores the glaring gaps in conference accessibility and challenges faced by disabled academics. I reveal historical biases and resistance to change and propose ways to transform conferences into more inclusive spaces, ensuring that all scientists can fully participate in the scientific discourse.
Biomolecular condensates are recognized for their ability to compartmentalize the cytoplasm without bounding membranes, but the degree to which they organize the cytoplasm has not been clear. A new study reveals that condensates at a scale of 100 nm are responsible for the organization of at least 18% of the cytoplasmic proteome.
How do metabolic stresses trigger catabolic autophagy for cell survival? A study now reveals that the metabolite sensor Pho81 integrates into and activates the kinase activity of the Atg1 complex for pexophagy triggered by phosphate starvation. This demonstrates the plasticity of the autophagy-initiating Atg1 complex.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) controls the synthesis of lipids and proteins and Ca2+ homeostasis, as well as contacting other organelles and the plasma membrane. A study now looks at a process by which this compartment is remodelled in axons during neurogenesis: the lysosomal clearance of ER subdomains, driven by FAM134 and CCPG1 proteins.
Mechanical forces are ubiquitously present in biology. In recent years, it has become clear how plasma membranes detect these forces — but how do intracellular organelles such as lysosomes do the same, and what might be the functions of such intracellular mechanosensing? Answers may come through a report of a lysosomal mechanosensitive ion channel, TMEM63.
Activation of innate immunity has been linked to the progression of type 1 diabetes. A study now shows that overexpression of METTL3, a writer protein of the m6A machinery that modifies mRNA, restrains interferon-stimulated genes when expressed in pancreatic β-cells, identifying it as a promising therapeutic target.
As a major microenvironmental component in B cell lymphomas, T cells are highly relevant for current immunotherapeutic treatment strategies of such tumours. A study now provides an unprecedented multimodal insight into the composition and features of T cell subsets of the four main types of nodal B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Contractile activity of both the epithelium and underlying mesenchyme are required for epithelial deformation and cell fate acquisition during early mouse hair follicle development. Subsequently, localized basement membrane remodelling facilitates the release of tension-generated pressure to promote cell divisions, tissue fluidification and downgrowth of the developing hair follicle.
The generation of clathrin-coated vesicles during endocytosis requires the co-ordinated recruitment of dozens of proteins to the plasma membrane. We discovered that the plant TPLATE (or TSET) complex (TPC) undergoes biomolecular condensation through interactions with plasma membrane phospholipids and, via weak multivalent interactions, recruits clathrin and other endocytic proteins to facilitate the efficient progression of endocytosis.
The chemoresistant and immunoevasive characteristics of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) impede the treatment efficacy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We find that inhibiting the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 effectively alters the metabolic state of LSCs, making them more susceptible to chemotherapy and immune surveillance in AML.
Mathiowetz and Olzmann review our current understanding of the mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis and turnover, the transfer of lipids and metabolites at membrane contact sites, and the role of lipid droplets in regulating fatty acid flux in lipotoxicity and cell death.
Keber et al. use filtration chromatography and quantitative proteomics of Xenopus egg extracts and show that at least 18% of cytoplasmic proteins are organized in small ~100-nm biomolecular condensates.
Weatherbee, Weberling, Gantner et al. find contrasting requirements for BMP in the anterior signalling centre and pre-implantation epiblast between mice and humans. They further find that NOTCH may be indispensable for human epiblast survival.
Gross et al. show that Atg13 and Atg17 are dispensable for pexophagy during phosphate starvation in yeast. Instead, the metabolite sensor Pho81 binds the Atg1 kinase complex via Atg11 to promote Atg11 phosphorylation by Atg1 and pexophagy.
Hoyer et al. establish that selective autophagy mechanisms are needed to remodel the ER and its proteome during in vitro neurogenesis across neuronal subcompartments and decode the substrate selectivity of ER-phagy receptors.
Li, Guo, Wang and colleagues show that the ion channels TMEM63 in Drosophila and TMEM63A in mouse mediate lysosomal mechanosensitivity and modulate lysosomal morphology and function.
Rai et al. report that CAMSAPs can bind to minus ends of microtubules attached to γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) and drive microtubule release. They show that CDK5RAP2, but not CLASP2, inhibits CAMSAP-mediated microtubule release from γ-TuRC.
De Jesus et al. describe the redox-mediated regulation of m6A writer methyltransferase 3, which blunts innate immune responses by modification of RNA sensor and editor component mRNAs during the onset of type 1 diabetes in β-cells.
Dragwidge et al. report that the plant endocytic complex, the TSET–TPLATE complex, undergoes biomolecular condensation through interactions with plasma membrane phospholipids and recruits clathrin for endocytosis.
Yang et al. identify an essential role for ECSIT in promoting memory CD8+ T cell development by modulating fumarate synthesis and altering TCF-1 activity, thereby impacting host responses during viral infection and tumorigenesis.
Xu, Yu, Zhang, Ma, He and colleagues show that SHP-1 inhibition causes increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through PFKP in leukaemia stem cells, thereby promoting immunosurveillance and chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukaemia.
Roider, Baertsch et al. present a spatially resolved resource map of the T cell infiltration landscape across and within patients with distinct B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma entities.