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A certain class of neurons in the swamp sparrow forebrain displays a precise auditory–vocal correspondence, and it is shown that these neurons respond in a temporally precise fashion to auditory presentation of certain note sequences in this songbird's repertoire and to similar note sequences in other birds' songs.
The HIV protein Vpu is required for the release of viral particles. This paper shows that it counteracts the host cell protein CD317, renamed as tetherin. Tetherin is involved in the retention of newly budded HIV-1 virions at the cell surface.
The microRNAs miR-126 and miR-335 have an important role in breast cancer tumourigenesis and metastasis. Loss of miR-335 expression promotes breast cancer cell invasion by targeting SOX4 and tenascin C. In breast cancer patients, loss of miR-126 and miR-335 expression is indicative of a poor prognosis.
The segmentation of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo is a well-known paradigm for pattern formation in development. However, the quantitative description of the transcriptional control mechanisms underlying this process is still missing. A new approach to the problem of predicting the pattern of gene expression based on cis-regulatory sequence is described. This new algorithm modelling protein–DNA interactions is likely to prove useful for many other protein–DNA interaction systems.
