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Channelrhodopsins are light-gated cation channels used in optogenetics; here, the high-resolution crystal structure of a channelrhodopsin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is determined.
Ultra-high-resolution mapping of the eukaryotic transcription machinery across the yeast genome reveals several unifying principles of pre-initiation complexes at coding and non-coding genes.
Chromosomes within micronuclei are shown to be damaged during S phase and become highly fragmented, and the damaged pieces can be reincorporated into the genome.
The retinoblastoma genome is shown to be stable, but multiple cancer pathways are identified that are epigenetically deregulated, providing potential new therapeutic targets.
In mice, expression of PGC1-α in muscles is shown to stimulate expression of FNDC5, which is cleaved and secreted in the circulation as the newly identified hormone irisin; on exercise, this hormone stimulates browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
This work shows that treatments used for acute myeloid leukaemia and targeted therapies could be used for early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
The X-ray crystal structure of LeuT, the bacterial homologue of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter family, is reported in the outward-open and inward-open states.
The crystal structure of histone deacetylase HDAC3 bound to the co-repressor SMRT is reported, and suggests that inositol tetraphosphate could act as a regulator of HDAC3; this has therapeutic implications, because HDACs are emerging targets of anti-cancer drugs.