Outlook in 2010

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 was won by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies for discoveries that led to the development of knockout mice.

Paul J. Crutzen shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 with Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland for their work on formation and decomposition of ozone.

Together with mentor Martinus J.G. Veltman, Gerardus 't Hooft's Nobel Prize in Physics 1999 was won for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in atoms.

Peter Agre shared theNobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 with Roderick MacKinnon. Agre's half was awarded for his discovery of a water channel protein in cell membranes.

The Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004 was awarded to David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek for their discovery of how quarks interact within protons.

What happens when the spotlight shines on the young scientists?

The search is on for disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease, but, as Ruth Williams discovers, developing a compound is only part of the problem.

Alison Abbott explores the history of the first treatment for Parkinson's disease since its dramatic debut in the swinging sixties.

To have any hope of affecting the course of Parkinson's disease, early diagnosis is essential. Rachel Jones assesses progress so far.

Parkinson's disease might have much in common with Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases and other protein-aggregation disorders. Jim Schnabel investigates.

Cell replacement, gene therapy, and electrical and optical stimulation for the brain — Kerri Smith looks to the future of Parkinson's disease therapies.

The lack of a good animal model is frustrating efforts to curb disease progression, explains M. Flint Beal.

HIV keeps the immune system in a hyperactive state, gradually leading to its ruin, reports Emma Marris.

Studies comparing HIV infection and its simian counterpart in different monkey species are filling gaps in knowledge, explains Bijal Trivedi.

Recent successes are reinvigorating research into a vaccine for HIV, reports Cassandra Willyard.

There is more to combating HIV in the developing world than providing affordable drugs. T. V. Padma looks at the innovative new strategies being employed.

A Cambodian group has developed a pioneering community-based approach to HIV and TB care and research. Amy Maxmen describes how this powerful model is being expanded to other war-torn countries.

Researchers hope to unlock the secrets of the select few who rein in, or even resist, HIV infection, says Bijal Trivedi.