2016 Research Leaders: Leading academic institutions

The 2016 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015.

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# Institution Share 2015 Count 2015
1 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 881.95 2296
1 The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia 146.99 396
1 St. George's University (SGU), Grenada 0.09 1
1 University of the West Indies (UWI), International 0.96 9
1 National University of San Antonio Abad in Cuzco (UNSAAC), Peru 0.50 6
1 University of Helsinki, Finland 58.32 304
1 COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Pakistan 6.13 34
1 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 881.95 2296
1 Syiah Kuala University (Unsyiah), Indonesia 0.19 2
1 Vilnius University (VU), Lithuania 7.18 59
1 Damascus University, Syria 0.17 1
1 Sorbonne University, France 115.78 1103
1 University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD), Philippines 1.08 10
1 Polytechnic University of Tirana (UPT), Albania 0.33 1
1 University of Zambia, Zambia 0.55 2
1 Tunis El Manar University (UTM), Tunisia 1.25 6
1 Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Morocco 1.85 75
1 Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq 0.28 2
1 University of Ghana, Ghana 0.49 7
1 University of Belgrade, Serbia 14.00 158
1 Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry (UGANC), Guinea 0.08 2
1 American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon 3.02 12
1 Samarkand Institute of Agriculture, Uzbekistan 0.11 1
1 Comenius University in Bratislava (UK), Slovakia 4.65 108
1 University of San Marino (UNIRSM), San Marino 0.13 1
1 University of Batna, Algeria 0.50 1
1 Yerevan State University (YSU), Armenia 6.96 154
1 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 527.05 1219
1 University of Mauritius (UOM), Mauritius 0.33 1
1 University of the Republic (UDELAR), Uruguay 7.99 20
1 University of Zagreb, Croatia 4.81 46
1 Université Omar Bongo, Gabon 0.05 1
1 University of the Gambia (UTG), Gambia 0.01 1
1 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 438.51 1223
1 University of Nigeria (UNN), Nigeria 0.23 3
1 University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil 48.37 241
1 Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungary 12.60 70
1 Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel 171.74 394
1 University of Chile, Chile 19.76 166
1 Los Andes University, Colombia 4.48 63
1 University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Portugal 32.02 193
1 Peking University (PKU), China 369.83 1173
1 University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 13.29 133
1 Higher University of San Andrés (UMSA), Bolivia 0.62 4
1 Indian Institute of Science (IISc), India 91.76 134
1 University of Cyprus, Cyprus 8.45 58
1 University of Malta, Malta 1.94 6
1 National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 41.87 144
1 University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG), Papua New Guinea 0.05 2
1 University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.59 6
1 Universidad Nacional de Asuncion (UNA), Paraguay 0.50 1
1 University of La Réunion, Reunion 0.23 7
1 University of Otago, New Zealand 33.75 117
1 The University of Dublin, Ireland 43.95 137
1 Taiz University, Yemen 0.08 1
1 University of Malaya (UM), Malaysia 2.81 79
1 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 527.05 1219
1 University of Costa Rica (UCR), Costa Rica 1.56 11
1 Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria 4.40 50
1 Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal 0.51 3
1 University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Zimbabwe 0.06 1
1 Bilkent University, Turkey 14.13 36
1 Benbouali Hassiba University of Chlef (UHBC), Algeria 0.50 1
1 University of Nairobi, Kenya 0.20 1
1 Kim Il-sung University, North Korea 0.26 2
1 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 377.17 902
1 Simón Bolívar University (USB), Venezuela 0.39 2
1 Samarkand State University (SSU), Uzbekistan 0.11 1
1 Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Senegal 0.55 9
1 University of Iceland, Iceland 14.17 69
1 National University of Mongolia (NUM), Mongolia 0.17 3
1 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 123.77 551
1 Moldova State University (USM), Moldova 0.57 2
1 University of Botswana (UB), Botswana 0.57 4
1 Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Macedonia 0.03 1
1 Lund University (LU), Sweden 99.51 337
1 Charles University (CU), Czech Republic 29.52 255
1 Abdou Moumouni University (UAM), Niger 0.13 1
1 University of Colombo (UoC), Sri Lanka 0.54 3
1 Kuwait University (KU), Kuwait 1.70 7
1 University of Tehran (UT), Iran 8.67 30
1 University of the Valley of Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala 0.08 1
1 Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain 70.33 377
1 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits University), South Africa 12.96 144
1 The University of Jordan, Jordan 0.65 9
1 Bethlehem University, Palestinian territories 0.18 2
1 University of Dhaka (DU), Bangladesh 1.14 9
1 Khalifa University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates 7.38 19
1 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 881.95 2296
1 Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.02 1
1 Assiut University, Egypt 0.97 5
1 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 438.51 1223
1 University of Warsaw (UW), Poland 37.18 139
1 Belarusian State University (BSU), Belarus 1.63 116
1 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU), Kazakhstan 2.79 7
1 University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg 4.41 21
1 University of Aleppo, Syria 0.17 1
1 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 106.97 312
1 University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina 18.26 149
1 Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Bahrain 0.22 1
1 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 181.15 581
1 University of Montenegro (UCG), Montenegro 0.06 5
1 University of Oslo (UiO), Norway 45.06 267
1 University of French Polynesia (UPF), French Polynesia 0.10 4
1 University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil 48.37 241
1 Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU), Georgia 2.10 117
1 University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Mali 0.69 4
1 University of Nizwa, Oman 0.75 2
1 University of the West Indies (UWI), International 0.96 9
1 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 133.66 556
1 Eastern Polytechnic College, Sierra Leone 0.01 1
1 Chulalongkorn University (CU), Thailand 9.97 71
1 University of Vienna, Austria 53.53 183
1 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 49.45 368
1 University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 0.22 2
1 University of Crete (UOC), Greece 27.21 73
1 Makerere University, Uganda 0.70 5
1 University of Brunei Darussalam (UBD), Brunei 1.17 7
1 Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis (IOS), Latvia 2.17 4
1 Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea 166.96 425
1 National University of Lesotho, Lesotho 0.17 1
1 National Polytechnic School (EPN), Ecuador 0.54 5
1 Babeș-Bolyai University (UBB), Romania 2.63 10
1 University of Tartu (UT), Estonia 11.09 59
1 Marien Ngouabi University (UMNG), Congo 0.25 1
1 National University of Health Sciences (NUHS), Laos 0.02 2
1 University of Namibia (UNAM), Namibia 0.07 3
1 University of Havana (UH), Cuba 1.64 5
1 National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan 115.94 330
1 Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Ivory Coast 0.15 3
1 University of Buea (UB), Cameroon 0.23 4
1 Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 254.94 516
1 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine 5.71 38
1 Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar 2.29 15
1 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia 91.52 213
1 Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia 38.01 312
1 Addis Ababa University (AAU), Ethiopia 1.01 10
1 University of Toronto (U of T), Canada 325.16 797
1 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits University), South Africa 12.96 144
1 Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Vietnam 2.31 8
1 Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel 171.74 394
1 University of Greenland, Greenland 0.10 2
1 University of Malawi, Malawi 0.35 6
2 Qatar University, Qatar 1.75 11
2 Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey 9.44 61
2 University of Craiova (UCV), Romania 2.00 5
2 University of Monastir (UM), Tunisia 0.73 3
2 Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico 9.50 91
2 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 432.89 1242
2 Kyoto University, Japan 311.72 730
2 Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University (UAGRM), Bolivia 0.15 4
2 National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 213.03 581
2 Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU), Slovakia 1.45 7
2 University of Yaounde I (UYI), Cameroon 0.16 3
2 Ilia State University, Georgia 0.54 26
2 Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Venezuela 0.29 5
2 Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria 0.11 1
2 University of Kragujevac, Serbia 0.25 1
2 King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia 18.44 221
2 African Institutes of Science and Technology (AIST), International 0.03 1
2 University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.01 1
2 University of Antioquia (UdeA), Colombia 4.00 19
2 Tallinn University of Technology (TUT), Estonia 3.37 11
2 University Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia 1.02 4
2 Brac University, Bangladesh 0.50 1
2 Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland 31.30 157
2 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba (ENS-Kouba), Algeria 0.38 1
2 University of the Philippines Manila (UPM), Philippines 0.84 2
2 Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania 0.00 1
2 University of Latvia (LU), Latvia 1.96 10
2 Sana'a University, Yemen 0.06 1
2 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana 0.02 1
2 University of Baghdad (UOB), Iraq 0.14 2
2 Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (PUC), Chile 11.90 190
2 Lebanese American University (LAU), Lebanon 0.47 6
2 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 636.39 1558
2 Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Russia 28.01 101
2 V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine 2.64 8
2 American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt 0.90 4
2 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil 23.00 104
2 Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez (UEMF), Morocco 1.00 2
2 Aarhus University (AU), Denmark 87.15 246
2 Ulaanbaatar State University (USU), Mongolia 0.01 3
2 Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Oman 0.19 5
2 Masaryk University (MU), Czech Republic 15.42 70
2 University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands 103.86 336
2 American University of the Middle East (AUM), Kuwait 0.42 2
2 Aalto University, Finland 55.77 214
2 University of Ruhuna (RUH), Sri Lanka 0.34 19
2 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 432.89 1242
2 University of Porto (UP), Portugal 23.27 111
2 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 636.39 1558
2 University of Sierra Leone (USL), Sierra Leone 0.01 1
2 Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Uganda 0.01 1
2 Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Hungary 10.38 47
2 University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Congo 0.21 2
2 Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI), Israel 123.99 271
2 Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jordan 0.60 3
2 University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa 12.85 62
2 University of Bamako, Mali 0.41 4
2 African Institutes of Science and Technology (AIST), International 0.03 1
2 National University of La Plata (UNLP), Argentina 10.31 122
2 Nanjing University (NJU), China 290.48 689
2 McGill University, Canada 190.41 581
2 National University of San Marcos (UNMSM), Peru 0.45 4
2 Egerton University, Kenya 0.17 1
2 Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Belarus 0.73 3
2 Mahidol University (MU), Thailand 5.14 32
2 United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), United Arab Emirates 1.45 13
2 Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), India 50.60 154
2 Ghent University (UGent), Belgium 70.94 259
2 National University of Costa Rica (UNA), Costa Rica 0.88 9
2 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 44.71 282
2 Arab American University, Palestinian territories 0.09 1
2 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 636.39 1558
2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA), Greece 9.20 171
2 Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria 0.56 7
2 Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania 0.44 1
2 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway 29.59 82
2 The University of Auckland, New Zealand 25.46 143
2 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil 23.00 104
2 Reykjavik University, Iceland 1.78 6
2 Shiraz University, Iran 6.89 10
2 Daffodil International University (DIU), Bangladesh 0.50 1
2 National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan 78.88 178
2 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea 156.06 330
2 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 228.57 576
2 University of Rijeka (UNIRI), Croatia 0.81 5
2 Copperbelt University, Zambia 0.13 1
2 University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa 12.85 62
2 Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria 50.47 148
2 Peking University (PKU), China 369.83 1173
2 University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland 25.04 180
2 Haramaya University, Ethiopia 0.02 1
2 New Horizon Institude, Nepal 0.11 1
2 University of Paris-Saclay, France 99.60 813
2 Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI), Israel 123.99 271
2 Can Tho University (CTU), Vietnam 0.79 2
2 University of Barcelona (UB), Spain 68.75 341
2 Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Cyprus 6.00 6
2 Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia 0.17 3
2 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany 137.25 381
2 Stockholm University, Sweden 94.87 436
2 Yachay Tech University, Ecuador 0.50 7
2 University of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba 0.08 1
2 Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School (IPS), Slovenia 1.82 14
2 National University of Laos (NUOL), Laos 0.01 1
2 Nazarbayev University (NU), Kazakhstan 1.82 9
2 National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Pakistan 2.75 7
2 University of Tirana, Albania 0.01 1
2 Monash University, Australia 118.10 378
3 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia 0.11 3
3 Yarmouk University, Jordan 0.20 1
3 University of Bergen (UIB), Norway 20.79 208
3 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 377.17 902
3 Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Vietnam 0.69 29
3 Al-Quds University, Palestinian territories 0.02 1
3 Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Israel 105.70 283
3 Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Qatar 0.31 4
3 Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Congo 0.11 1
3 University of Chile, Chile 19.76 166
3 Leiden University, Netherlands 86.38 310
3 Universidad Autónoma del Beni "José Ballivián" (UABJB), Bolivia 0.02 3
3 Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Morocco 0.70 76
3 Stellenbosch University (SU), South Africa 11.03 28
3 University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal 14.90 48
3 Osaka University, Japan 205.96 533
3 University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 0.32 2
3 Stellenbosch University (SU), South Africa 11.03 28
3 Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia 0.17 1
3 Andres Bello University (UNAB), Chile 8.25 47
3 International Burch University (IBU), Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.01 1
3 Parahyangan Catholic University (UNPAR), Indonesia 0.17 1
3 Constantine 1 University, Algeria 0.29 1
3 University of the Punjab, Pakistan 2.50 15
3 Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (UPJŠ), Slovakia 1.22 18
3 University of Valencia (UV), Spain 46.21 263
3 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico 2.71 61
3 University of Turin (UNITO), Italy 37.50 230
3 Naresuan University, Thailand 4.34 12
3 The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada 154.73 436
3 University of Douala, Cameroon 0.13 1
3 Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 5.96 24
3 National University of Córdoba (UNC), Argentina 6.99 27
3 Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University (UNO), Ukraine 1.88 6
3 Uppsala University (UU), Sweden 94.29 401
3 National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan 46.06 116
3 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 224.28 764
3 University of Ioannina (UOI), Greece 7.83 67
3 Riga East University Hospital, Latvia 0.11 1
3 University of Debrecen, Hungary 7.70 65
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 567.07 1732
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 567.07 1732
3 King Saud University (KSU), Saudi Arabia 6.47 51
3 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU), Lithuania 0.34 2
3 University of Split, Croatia 0.54 72
3 University of Chittagong (CU), Bangladesh 0.38 3
3 Pwani University (PU), Kenya 0.14 1
3 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), India 44.04 84
3 University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia 114.04 306
3 Agricultural University of Iceland (AUI), Iceland 0.17 1
3 National University of Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 0.45 3
3 Abu Dhabi University (ADU), United Arab Emirates 0.25 1
3 University of Jyväskylä, Finland 26.49 150
3 Cairo University (CU), Egypt 0.74 22
3 Université PSL, France 79.42 699
3 Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Iran 6.24 12
3 Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador 0.39 3
3 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (KazNU), Kazakhstan 1.79 4
3 Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark 77.45 212
3 Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Russia 13.19 103
3 Ateneo de Manila University (AMU), Philippines 0.13 2
3 Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel (GSTU), Belarus 0.67 1
3 Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkey 8.37 63
3 University of Novi Sad, Serbia 0.08 1
3 Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), Costa Rica 0.06 2
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 567.07 1732
3 St. Andrew the First Called Georgian University of Patriarchate of Georgia, Georgia 0.09 2
3 National University of Colombia (UNAL), Colombia 3.71 56
3 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium 38.74 178
3 Palacky University (PU), Czech Republic 13.23 115
3 Victoria University of Wellington (Victoria), New Zealand 18.17 86
3 Tsinghua University, China 278.65 909
3 Kwara State University (KWASU), Nigeria 0.07 1
3 Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Israel 105.70 283
3 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 118.90 528
3 University of Carthage (UCAR), Tunisia 0.52 3
3 Lebanese University (LU), Lebanon 0.28 2
3 Cyprus University of Technology (CUT), Cyprus 0.25 2
3 Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Kuwait 0.25 1
3 University of Innsbruck (LFU), Austria 28.61 169
3 University of Wrocław (UWr), Poland 19.22 49
3 University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy (UCTM), Bulgaria 0.13 1
3 Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), Peru 0.44 18
3 Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea 111.02 239
3 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland 12.08 54
3 University of Basrah, Iraq 0.13 1
3 Universidad de Oriente (UDO), Venezuela 0.25 1
3 Kyoto University, Japan 311.72 730
3 Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany 128.60 507
3 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil 16.13 165
3 Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal 0.02 1
3 University of Maribor, Slovenia 1.57 24
3 University of Bucharest (UB), Romania 1.89 13
4 National Distance Education University (UNED), Costa Rica 0.00 1
4 Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel 92.07 321
4 University of Abuja, Nigeria 0.06 2
4 University of Gabès, Tunisia 0.36 1
4 Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (BSUIR), Belarus 0.25 1
4 University of Laghouat, Algeria 0.22 1
4 Semmelweis University (SE), Hungary 4.20 31
4 Tohoku University, Japan 194.80 486
4 New University of Lisbon (UNL), Portugal 14.12 92
4 Al-Nahrian University, Iraq 0.08 1
4 Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (AMU), Poland 10.35 43
4 Vytautas Magnus University (VDU), Lithuania 0.02 1
4 University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) 426.98 1227
4 Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel 92.07 321
4 University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina 18.26 149
4 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 228.57 576
4 University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Denmark 27.22 97
4 Sabah University of Malaysia (UMS), Malaysia 0.45 3
4 Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh 0.28 3
4 Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Cameroon 0.01 1
4 University of Graz (Uni Graz), Austria 25.20 66
4 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 45.33 205
4 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 116.30 367
4 State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil 15.37 91
4 University of Concepción (UdeC), Chile 7.52 63
4 University of Management and Technology (UMT), Pakistan 1.50 3
4 Australian National University (ANU), Australia 105.29 298
4 ITMO National Research University (ITMO University), Russia 13.03 41
4 Hashemite University (HU), Jordan 0.20 2
4 Hamrahlid College (MH), Iceland 0.05 1
4 Tallinn University (TU), Estonia 0.02 1
4 University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa 9.63 133
4 University of Colima (UCOL), Mexico 2.51 8
4 Université de Mbandaka (Unimba), Congo 0.04 1
4 Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU), Vietnam 0.42 1
4 University of San Simón (UMSS), Bolivia 0.01 2
4 University of Turku (UTU), Finland 20.60 84
4 European University Cyprus, Cyprus 0.09 1
4 Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), India 29.73 49
4 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia 0.66 9
4 Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies, Ecuador 0.15 1
4 University of Galway, Ireland 11.00 41
4 University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Norway 11.82 52
4 University of Nova Gorica (UNG), Slovenia 1.05 16
4 University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Philippines 0.13 1
4 Yonsei University, South Korea 102.75 238
4 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 222.98 781
4 Paris Cité University, France 77.20 830
4 University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCT), Czech Republic 10.78 26
4 University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China 261.40 663
4 Croatian Catholic University (UNICATH), Croatia 0.10 1
4 Kasetsart University, Thailand 3.55 16
4 Abdelmalek Essaâdi University (UAE), Morocco 0.63 2
4 Matej Bel University, Slovakia 0.33 1
4 M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan State University (NKSU), Kazakhstan 0.08 1
4 Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Iran 6.17 26
4 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 527.05 1219
4 Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 78.74 197
4 Rosario National University (UNR), Argentina 3.22 17
4 University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) 426.98 1227
4 University of Canterbury (UC), New Zealand 12.71 121
4 National Technical University - Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute (NTU KhPI), Ukraine 0.80 1
4 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 73.18 318
4 University of Indonesia (UI), Indonesia 0.15 3
4 National University of Saint Augustine (UNSA), Peru 0.17 1
4 Boğaziçi University (BU), Turkey 5.68 127
4 National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan 23.67 70
4 British University in Egypt (BUE), Egypt 0.67 17
4 Georgian Technical University (GTU), Georgia 0.00 22
4 University of Alberta (U of A), Canada 112.27 322
4 Nanjing University (NJU), China 290.48 689
4 University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa 9.63 133
4 Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (UAIC), Romania 1.87 4
4 Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium 30.65 134
4 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia 1.04 11
4 Higher Colleges of Technology (HCT), United Arab Emirates 0.17 1
4 University of Patras, Greece 7.00 27
4 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 36.15 198
4 Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 125.48 448
4 University of Balamand (UOB), Lebanon 0.23 4
4 University of Kabianga, Kenya 0.11 1
4 University of the Andes (ULA), Venezuela 0.07 3
4 Ngee Ann Polytechnic (NP), Singapore 0.58 2
4 University of Kelaniya (UoK), Sri Lanka 0.12 2
5 Tsinghua University, China 278.65 909
5 University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy 33.98 264
5 University of Johannesburg (UJ), South Africa 5.55 93
5 University of Valparaíso (UV), Chile 6.00 45
5 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya 0.08 2
5 University of Waterloo, Canada 86.21 182
5 Beirut Arab University (BAU), Lebanon 0.19 2
5 Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezekiel Zamora (UNELLEZ), Venezuela 0.04 3
5 University of Coimbra (UC), Portugal 13.24 121
5 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel 52.52 112
5 University of Sulaimani (UOS), Iraq 0.06 1
5 National School of Engineers of Sfax, Tunisia 0.21 1
5 University of Johannesburg (UJ), South Africa 5.55 93
5 Agteca - Agrotecnologica Amazonica, Bolivia 0.01 1
5 National University of Río Cuarto, Argentina 1.82 3
5 Khulna University (KU), Bangladesh 0.20 1
5 University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium 29.29 140
5 Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Nigeria 0.05 1
5 Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil 9.32 30
5 University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) 368.60 941
5 Tampere University, Finland 11.83 135
5 Hue University, Vietnam 0.29 2
5 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil 16.13 165
5 Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU), Belarus 0.20 1
5 Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Pakistan 1.45 47
5 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), India 29.04 64
5 American University of Sharjah (AUS), United Arab Emirates 0.13 2
5 Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers), Sweden 60.84 133
5 University of Sfax, Tunisia 0.21 1
5 National Technical University of Ukraine - Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (NTUU KPI), Ukraine 0.61 3
5 Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Czech Republic 3.85 122
5 Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia 0.01 2
5 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 438.51 1223
5 University of Valle, Colombia 0.65 3
5 Airlangga University, Indonesia 0.12 2
5 Ankara University, Turkey 2.73 80
5 University of Tikrit, Iraq 0.06 1
5 Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 0.56 4
5 University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba (UBMA), Algeria 0.20 1
5 Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), France 73.33 578
5 De La Salle University (DLSU), Philippines 0.04 1
5 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 89.52 267
5 University of Aalborg (AAU), Denmark 10.14 45
5 Uva Wellassa University (UWU), Sri Lanka 0.07 1
5 Nagoya University, Japan 148.33 416
5 Politehnica University of Bucharest (UPB), Romania 1.13 42
5 Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Ecuador 0.07 2
5 Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia 0.27 2
5 Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Austria 19.52 96
5 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia 91.52 213
5 Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain 38.67 160
5 University of Science and Technology Houari Boumedienne (USTHB), Algeria 0.20 1
5 Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland 9.52 65
5 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - State University (MIPT), Russia 11.08 104
5 Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway 2.73 16
5 Massey University, New Zealand 9.00 73
5 University of Akureyri (UNAK), Iceland 0.05 1
5 University of Würzburg (JMU), Germany 120.45 314
5 Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea 83.24 278
5 Technical University of Košice (TUKE), Slovakia 0.00 1
5 University of Szeged (SZTE), Hungary 3.40 16
5 Mohammed V University, Morocco 0.54 73
5 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 224.28 764
5 Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Thailand 2.54 28
5 University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) 368.60 941
5 University of Guadalajara (UDG), Mexico 2.07 7
5 University of Limerick (UL), Ireland 8.97 18
5 The University of Melbourne (UniMelb), Australia 103.31 464
5 Zhejiang University (ZJU), China 222.73 469
5 Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Peru 0.16 4
5 The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK) 167.65 542
5 Taibah University, Saudi Arabia 0.55 3

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences and health sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 145 natural-science and health-science journals. The journals were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields. The list is reviewed periodically and journals may be removed or added. Articles from eLife were no longer included in the Nature Index from 2023 after the journal changed its publishing model.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen research leaders.


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