Photocatalytic water splitting could be used to sustainably produce hydrogen. To assess its performance, solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency is the most important metric. Here, we discuss the common problems in reporting this metric and propose the use of water displacement to accurately measure the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Hisatomi, T. & Domen, K. Nat. Catal. 2, 387–399 (2019).
Wang, Z. et al. Joule 5, 344–359 (2021).
Wang, Q. et al. Nat. Mater. 15, 611–615 (2016).
Zhou, P. et al. Nature 613, 66–70 (2023).
Qureshi, M. & Takanabe, K. Chem. Mater. 29, 158–167 (2017).
Kunz, L. Y. et al. Energy Environ. Sci. 12, 1657–1667 (2019).
Hisatomi, T. & Domen, K. Next Energy 1, 100006 (2023).
Liao, L. et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 69–73 (2014).
Liu, J. et al. Science 347, 970–974 (2015).
Gueymard, C. A., Myers, D. & Emery, K. Sol. Energy 73, 443–467 (2002).
Döscher, H., Young, J. L., Geisz, J. F., Turner, J. A. & Deutsch, T. G. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 74–80 (2016).
Nishiyama, H. et al. Nature 598, 304–307 (2021).
Goto, Y. et al. Joule 2, 509–520 (2018).
Boshagh, F. & Rostami, K. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 45, 24424–24452 (2020).
Wang, Z. et al. Nat. Commun. 12, 1005 (2021).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO, project no. P21021) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST, grant no. JPMJPR20T9).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Peer review
Peer review information
Nature Sustainability thanks Gang Liu, Roland Marschall and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hisatomi, T., Domen, K. Best practices for photocatalytic water splitting. Nat Sustain 7, 1082–1084 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01382-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01382-y