Rewards direct behavioral adaptation through midbrain dopamine signaling, though the timing of those effects is often ambiguous. Lee and colleagues find that different subpopulations of dopamine neurons obey similar constraints, indirectly regulating reward-related behavior through learning mechanisms restricted to a brief time window following reward.
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Coddington, L.T. When does midbrain dopamine activity exert its effects on behavior?. Nat Neurosci 23, 154–156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0577-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0577-y