Correction to: Nature Reviews Neurology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-023-00790-6, published online 2 March 2023.

In the version of the article initially published, there were errors in Table 1: “Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis” was originally shown as being associated with “Human papilloma virus” rather than “Influenza and pneumonia”; “Human papilloma virus” was missing from the “Generalized dementia” row; and “Intestinal infections” was missing from the “Vascular dementia” row. The table has been amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.