During flat subduction, material is scraped off the base of the continental mantle lithosphere, building a migrating keel. This testable mechanism for flat subduction recreates features of the Laramide orogeny.
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Gutscher, MA. Scraped by flat-slab subduction . Nature Geosci 11, 890–891 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0270-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0270-x
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